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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fungal spores sexual or asexual?
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Most are asexual
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Transmission of coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis?
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inhalation of asexual spores
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What are Conidia?
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asexual fungal spores (e.g. blastoconidia, arthroconidia)
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Macrophage filled with disease is common in what condition?
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Histoplasmosis - 3-5 um
Found in Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Causes pneumonia *Histo hides in macrophages |
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Bird or bat droppings - person is at risk for what?
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Histoplamosis
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Broad based bud organism are found where?
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It is Blastomycosis - found in states east of mississippi River and Central America
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What does Blastomycosis cause?
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inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone - form granulomatous nodules
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Disease endemic to SW United States. What would you see?
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Spherule filled with endospores - disease is Coccidioidomycosis - causes meningitis and pneumonia; can disseminate to bone and skin
*spherules are much larger than RBC |
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disease that cause rate increases after an earthquake?
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Coccidioidomycosis - after earthquakes spherules are thrown up in the air
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San Joaquin vally or desert (desert bumps) "valley fever"
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Coccidioidomycosis - causes meningitis, pneumonia can disseminate to bone and skin
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Disease that looks like a captian's wheel
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paracoccidioidomycosis - common in latin america
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Dimorphic fungi, mold in soil (low temperatures) and yeast in tissue (higher tissues)
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Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis only exception is Coccidioidomycosis (which is a spherule in tissue) |
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Treatment for Histo, Blasto, Coccidio, Paracoccidio,
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local infection: fluconazole, ketoconazole
systemic infection: amphotericin B |
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What can systemic mycosis's mimic?
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TB (granuloma formation)
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What are the systemic mycoses?
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Histo, Blasto, Coccidio, Paracoccidio
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Cutaenous mycoses
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Tinea versicolor, Tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, capitis
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Caused by Malassezia furfur
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Tinea versicolor
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hypopigmented patches occurs in this fungal infection... why?
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Tinea versicolor - caused by Malassezia furfur
happens because of degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented patches |
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Fungal infection that occurs in hot, humid weather
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Tinea versicolor - caused by malassezia furfur
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Treatment for tinea versicolor
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topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (selsun)
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Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH
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tinea versicolor - caused by malasseziae furfur
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Pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling a ring, caused by dermatophytes
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Tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, capitis
dermatophytes (microsporum, tricophyton, and epidermophyton) |
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Pets are a reservoir for what fungus? How are they treated?
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Microsporum - can be treated with topical azoles
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What do you see on KOH for dermatophytes (microsporum, trichophyton, and epidermophyton)?
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mold hyphae, not dimorphic!
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What are opportunistic fungal infections?
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1. Canidida albicans
2. Aspergillus fumigatus 3. Cryptococcus neoformans 4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp. |
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Yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20 degrees celcius; germ tube formation at 37 degrees celsius
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Candidia albians - the germ tube formation at 37 degrees celsius is diagnostic
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Oral and esophageal thrush in ICH (neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS) what causes it? What else does this cause?
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Candida albicans
also causes vulvovaginitis (high pH, diabetes, use of antibiotics), diaper rash, endocarditis in IV drug users, disseminated candidias (to any organ), chronic mucocutaneous candidias |
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What do you use to treat Candidia albicans?
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Nystatin for superficial infections and amphotericin B for serious systemic infection
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What are the 3 things Aspergillus fumigatus can cause?
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1. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
2. Lung cavity aspergilloma (fungus ball) 3. invasive aspergillosis (especially in ICH and those with chronic granulomatous disease) |
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Mold with septae hyphae that branch at acute angles less than or equal to 45 degrees
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Think A for Acute
Aspergillus not dimorphic |
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Heavily encapsulated yeast, not dimorhpic - what does it cause?
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cryptococcus neoformans is the yeast
It can cause cryptococcal meningitis |
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Yeast found in the soil and pigeon droppings? What do you culture on?
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Sabouraud's agar - it is Cryptococcus neoformans
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Stains with india ink and mucicarmine
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen, what do you see the brain?
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Soap bubble lesions
caused by Cryptococcus noeformans crushed pingpong balls |
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Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles (greater than or equal to 90 degrees)
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Mucor - mucormycosis
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mucormycosis is associated with what conditions?
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diabetic ketoacidosis, and leukemic patients
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Where else can Mucor and Rhizopus proliferate?
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walls of blood vessels and cause infection and necrosis of distal tissue.
Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses |
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pseudohypae + budding yeasts at 20 degrees celsius
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Canidia albicans
Germ tube at 37 degrees celsis |
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45 degree angle branching septae hypae
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aspergillus
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Rare fruiting bodies seen in what?
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aspergillus
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5-10 u m yeasts with capuslar halo, narrow based unequal budding
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cryptococcus
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Irregular broad (empty-looking) nonseptae hypae, wide-angle branching
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Mucor
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crushed ping pong balls
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pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) PCP
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What does Pneumocystis jiroveci cause? What type of organism is it?
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diffuse interstitial pneumonia
it is a yeast (originally classified as a protozoan) *it is inhaled |
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Yeast that most infections are asymptomatic but what predisposes to having the infection?
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Pneumocystis jiroveci
having AIDS predisposes to infection |
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What do you see with a pneumocystis jiroveci infection and how do you diagnose it?
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See diffuse, bilateral CXR appearance
diagnose by lung biopsy or lavage |
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Yeast identified by methenamine silver stain of lung tissue
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Pneumocystis jiroveci
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How do you treat pneumocystis jiroveci?
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TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone
*but start prophylaxis when CD4 drops <200 cells/mL in HIV patients! |
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Rose gardener's disese
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Sporothrix schenckii
*usually traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by a thorn |
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Yeast forms, unequal budding, and a dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation?
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Sporothrix schenckii - causes Sporotrichosis
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Yeast that causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)
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Sporothrix schenckii - little systemic illness
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Cigar shaped budding yeast in pus... what do you treat with?
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Itraconazole or potassium iodide - it is Sporothrix schenckii
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