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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the five microbial divisions?
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Bacteriology
Mycology Protozoology virology phycology/algology |
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this microbial division is the simplest, smallest, single-celled
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bacteriology
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this microbial division is microscopic (molds and yeasts); macroscopic (mushrooms and puff balls)
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Mycology
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this microbial division is single-celled
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Protozoology
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this microbial division is non cellular, parasitic, living organism
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Virology
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this microbial divsion is simple aquatic organisms -> seaweeds
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Phycology/ Algology
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Which microbial group are the following characteristic of:
Prokaryotic, unicellular, simple internal structures, reproduction asexual (cell division), growth on artificial media. |
Bacteria (.2 by 100 micrometers)
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Which microbial group are the following characteristic of:
Non cellular, no growth on artificial media (living cells), all are obligate parasites. |
Viruses (.015-.02 micrometers)
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Which microbial group are the following characteristic of:
Eukaryotic, unicellular, cultured-like bacteria, reproduce asexually (cell division), budding or sexual processes. |
Fungi (5-10 micrometers)
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What microbial group are the following characteristic of:
Eukaryotic, multicellular, culture like bacteria, reproduce by sexual and asexual processes. |
Molds (2-10 micrometers by several mm)
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What microbial group are the following characteristic of:
Eukaryotic, unicellular, some cultured like bacteria. Some intracellular parasites, reproduction by asexual and sexual processes. |
Protozoa (2-200 micrometers)
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Which microbial group are the following characteristic of:
Eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular, most occur in aquatic environments, contain chlorophyll (photosynthetic), reproduce by asexual and sexual processes |
Algae (1 micrometer-feet)
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What field of applied microbiology does the following:
water purification, biological degradation of waste materials. |
Aquatic
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What field of applied microbiology does the following:
preservation and preparation, spoilage and prevention |
Food
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what field of applied microbiology does the following:
production of medicinal products, industrial chemicals |
industrial
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What field of applied microbiology does the following:
Combat plant diseases, relationship between microbes and plants |
agricultural
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What microbiological area of study is this:
form and structure |
morphology
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what microbiological area of study is this:
metabolism |
physiology
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what microbiological area of study is this:
classification |
taxonomy
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what microbiological area of study is this:
distribution, relationships, effects on animals and plants, changes in environment, reaction to agents. |
ecology
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Who developed the single lens microscope and observed microscopic organisms in 1677?
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Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
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define spontaneous generation
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life from dead organic matter
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who disproved spontaneous generation using swan neck flasks, and is renowned for fermentation reactions (1700s)
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Louis Pasteur
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Who developed the first vaccinations (cowpox against smallpox) in the late 1700's?
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Edward Jenner
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Who discovered fungi: muscardine in silk worms- Associated fungi with infectious diseases in 1835 and associated cause of human disease in 1841?
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Bassi
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Who recognized the importance of Pasteur's work. Sprayed the air with phenol (aseptic technique) while performing surgery?
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Lister
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Who found the relationship between micro-organisms and disease (antrax) in 1872?
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Robert Koch
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who discovered viruses (tobacco mosaic virus) in 1892?
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Iwanovski
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during what century were cultures for optimum growth conditions discovered?
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late 19th century
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Who discovered chemotherapy: antibiotic isolation of penicillin in 1929?
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Alexander Fleming
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define culture
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a population of microorganisms
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define pure
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millions of one type of cell
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define mixed
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two or more kinds of cells
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What are the 8 major Microbial characteristics
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morphological
chemical cultural metabolic antigenic genetic pathogenicity ecology |
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What microbial characteristic is this:
cell shape, size and structure, cell arrangement, staining reaction, motility, developmental forms. |
Morphological
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what microbial characteristic is this:
various chemical constituents of the cells |
chemical
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what microbial characteristic is this:
nutritional requirements, physical conditions for growth, how growth occurs |
cultural
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what microbial characteristic is this:
how cells obtain and use energy, perform chemical reactions and their regulation. |
metabolic
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what microbial characteristic is this:
determination of antigenic properties (Antigens) |
Antigenic
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what microbial characteristic is this:
Characteristics of hereditary material, occurance and function of other kinds (plasmids) |
Genetic
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what microbial characteristic is this:
ability to cause disease |
Pathogenicity
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what microbial characteristic is this:
habitat and distribution in nature, interaction between and among species within the environment |
ecological
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What are the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups?
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2 Kingdoms; Animals and plants
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what are Robert Whittaker's 5 kingdoms?
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Prokaryotes/Monera
Protista Myceteae/Fungi Plant Animal |
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What are Carl Woese's 3 Kingdoms?
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Bacteria
Archaebacteria Eukaryotes |
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What are Carl Woese's 3 kingdoms based upon?
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phylogenetic classification- RNA examination
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What are Carl Von Linne's 7 main taxa groups?
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Kingdom
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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define kingdom
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a group of similar divions
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define phylum
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similar classes
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define class
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similar orders
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define order
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similar families
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define family
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similar genera
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define genus
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similar species
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define species
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same kind of organism
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What is the taxonomy of viruses?
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Order
Family Subfamily Genus Species |
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taxonomy of viruses
What is the suffix for order? |
virales
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taxonomy of virues
What is the suffix for family? |
viridae
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taxonomy of viruses
What is the suffix for subfamily? |
virinae
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taxonomy of viruses
what is the suffix for genus? |
virus
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taxonomy of viruses
what is the suffix for species? |
there isn't one, its name is just the individual virus
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What is the average size of a eukaryotic cell?
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5-10 micrometers
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What is the average size of a prokaryotic cell?
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1-3 micrometers
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What is the average size of a viral cell?
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0.025-0.2 micrometers
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Do cell walls exist in eukaryotes?
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yes, only in fungi and algae
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Do cell walls exist in prokaryotes?
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yes, except in mycoplasma
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Do cells walls exist in viruses?
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no
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Do eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes possess sterols?
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yes
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Do prokaryotic cytoplasmic membranes possess sterols?
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No, exception: mycoplasma
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Do viruses cytoplasmic membranes posses sterols
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no, viruses do not have a cytoplasmic membrane. a lipid membrane surrounds some viruses.
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Do eukaryotes possess a nuclear membrane?
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yes
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Do prokaryotes possess a nuclear membrane?
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no
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Do viruses possess a nuclear membrane?
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no
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do eukaryotes have a nucleolus?
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yes
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do prokaryotes have a nucleolus?
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no
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do viruses have a nuclear membrane?
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no
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What is the hereditary material carried by eukaryotes?
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DNA: > 1 chromosome
proteins associated |
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What is the hereditary material carried by prokaryotes?
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DNA: single stranded
NO proteins associated |
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What is the hereditary material carried by viruses?
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DNA or RNA single or double stranded. Some enzymes associated.
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What is the size of ribosomes in eukaryotes?
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Large 80 S
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What is the size of ribosomes in prokaryotes?
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Small 70 S
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What is the size of ribosomes in viruses?
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viruses do not have ribosomes
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Where does respiration occur in eukaryotic cells?
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Mitochondrion
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where does respiration occur in prokaryotic cells?
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particles in cytoplasmic membrane
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where does respiration occur in viruses?
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respiration does not occur in viruses
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How do eukaryotic cells reproduce?
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sexually and asexually
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how do prokaryotic cells reproduce?
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asexually (binary fission)
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how do viruses reproduce?
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asexually
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what type of environment do eukaryotic cells live in?
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almost exclusively in environments containing no O2 NO requirement for intracellular host to reproduce
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what type of environment do prokaryotic cells live in?
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environment may or may not contain O2
Some (Rickettsia) require a living host |
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what type of environment do viruses live in?
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reproduce only within environment of living host.
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What is Robert Koch first postulate?
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the same microbe is always associated with a specific disease
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What is Robert Koch second postulate?
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this microbe can be recovered and grown in pure culture
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what is Robert Koch third postulate?
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the pure culture must cause disease in an experimental animal
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what is Robert Koch fourth postulate?
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the original microbe must be recovered from the experimental disease.
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