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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Laryngitis and Tonsilitis involve what? (3)
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1) S. pneumoniae
2) S. pyogenes 3) viruses |
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Sinusitis involves what?
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Many Types of Bacteria
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Epiglottitis involves what?
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H. influenzae
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Streptococcal Pharyngitis:
1) AKA 2) Caused by 3) Resistant to 3) Steptokinases does what 4) Styptolysins are what |
1) Soar throat
2) Steptococcus pyrogenes 3) Phagocytosis because the M protein on its surface helps it resist neutrophils 4) Lyse clots 5) cytotoxic |
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Steptococcus pyogenes has what hemolysis?
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Beta
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Diphtheria:
1) Caused by 2) What kind of bacteria 3) Diptheria membrane contains (3) 4) Diptheria's toxin spreads 5) Prevent by 6) Grows |
1) Corynebacterium diptheriae
2) G+ rod 3) fibrin, dead tissue, and bacteria 4) to other tissues in the body and stops protein synthesis 5) DTaP 6) on membrane in the pharanyx |
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Otitis Media:
1) symptoms 2) Infects what % of children prior to age 3 3) what % of office visitis of pediatricians 4) This bacteria causes 35% of case 5) This bacteria causes 20-30% of cases 6) Treated with 7) incidence of what reduced by vaccine? |
1) ear ache due to infection of ear drum with bacteria growing behind it
2) 85% 3) 50% 4) Streptococcus pneumoniae 5) Haemophilus influenzae 6) Broad spectrum antibiotics (25% of prescriptions) 7) S. pneumoniae |
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Common Cold:
1) Causes 50% of cases and has 100 serotypes 2) Causes 30% of cases and has 60 serotypes 3) Causes 15-20% of cases and has 3 Serotypes |
1) Rhinovirus
2) AdenoViruses 3) Coronoviruses |
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Coronaviruses:
1) What about the immune response 2) What is it also known for? |
1) Poor immune response, you can get infected by the same one over and over again
2) Known for SARS in Quanton China from a bat and if you are over 75 years old you had a 50% mortality rate |
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What keeps the lower respiratory system sterile?
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Ciliary escalator
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Pertussis:
1) AKA? 2) Caused by? 3) Morphology? 4) Causes what kind of toxin? 5) Treated with? |
1) Whooping Cough
2) Bordetella Petussis 3) G- coccobacillus capsule 4) Tracheal cytotoxin, cell wall damaged ciliated cells and destroys tracheal Cells 5) DTaP |
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Pertussis Toxin:
1) Inhibits what 2) How many micrograms to kill a 200lb person 3) What about the antitoxin? |
1) Protein Synthesis
2) 10 3) Must be administered rapidly if you suspect whooping cough |
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Pertussis:
1) Stage 1? 2) Stage 2? 3) Stage 3? |
1) Catarrhal stage (inflammation of mucous membranes with free flowing discharge) like common cold
2) Paroxysmal stage: violent coughing siges can cause hemorrage in the brain 3) Convalescence stage |
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Tuberculosis:
1) Caused by? 2) What about the rods 3) What about M. Bovis 4) What about M.Avium-intracellulare complex |
1) Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
2) Acid-fast rod transmitted from human to human 2) causes <1% U.S. cases, not transmitted from human to human 3) Infects people with late stage HIV infection |
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Treatment of TB:
1) What 4 Antibiotics 2) What about the doses? |
1) Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinadmide, rifampin
2) 130 doeses effective vs active, drug Susceptible TB |
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What is Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB)?
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Is TB that is resistant to at least 2 of the best anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. These drugs are considered first-line drugs and are used to treat all persons with TB
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What is Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR TB)?
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TB which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three isecond-line drugs (i.e. amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin).
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Pneumomococcal Pneumonia:
1) Microbial disease? 2) Morphology? 3) Common at? 4) What about its sudden onset? 5) What about human resistance? |
1) Microbial disease of bronchial tubes and lungs
2) G+, encapsulated, chain of diplococci 3) Old and young, malnourished, smokers, viral infection, immunosuppresed 4) Sporadic, mostly winter, 5-25% healthy carries 5) High resistance it is usually an opportunist |
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Pneumomococcal Pneumonia:
6) Immunized with? 7) Diagnoses with? 8) What kind of hemolysis? 9) Drug of Choice? |
6) Pneumovax 23
7) Cultering bacteria 8) Alpha 9) Penicillin |
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Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (PAP):
1) AKA? 2) Caused by? 3) Morphology 4) Size? 5) Common in? |
1) Atypical pneumonia and walking pneumonia
2) Mycoplasma pneumoniae 3) Pleomorphic, wall-less bacteria 4) one of the smalled (.2u) 5) Children and young adults (3-35) |
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Mycoplasmal Pheumonia (PAP):
1) Primary? 2) Atypical? 3) Resembles what? 4) What about blood invasion 5) Is it fatal? 6) What kind of colony appearance? |
1) Occurs in previously healthy people
2) organism different from typical penumococcus and symptoms differ 3) viralpneumoniae-fever, fatigue, dry hacking cough 4) This is none 5) rarely 6) fried egg |
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Seasonal Influenza:
1) Symptoms? 2) Mortality? 3) Treatment that clocks Attachment? 4) Treatment that blocks Uncoating? |
1) Chilld, fever, headache, muscle aches ( no intestinal symptoms)
2) 1% due to secondary bacterial infections 3) Zanamivir (relenza) and Tamiflue (Ostleamivir) 4) Symmetrel and Rimantadine |
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Seasonal Influenza:
1) Vaccine for? 2) What about its symetries? 3) What about its segments? |
1) High risk indivuals
2) Symetric when grown in lab and Asymetric when in humans 3) Has 8 segments of RNA, and each segment is surrounded by a protein coat that contain genetic information |
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Influenza Virus:
1) Type A? 2) Type B? 3) Type C? 4) Vaccine? 5) Hamagglutinin H Spike is used for? 6) Neuraminidase N Spike is used for? |
1) Causes most epidemics
2) Moderate local Outbreaks 3) Mild Disease 4) 2 type A and 1 type B that have purified H and N spike protein 5) Attachment to host cells 6) Release virus from cell |
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Type A Influenza Virus:
1) H1N1, 1918 2) H2N2, 1957 3) H3N2, 1968 4) H1N1, 1977 5) H1N1, 2009 |
1) Spanish
2) Asian 3) Hong Kong 4) Russian 5) California |
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H1N1 California 2009:
1) Live attenuated virus is given? 2) Infection of H and N spike is given to? |
1) Introveniously (2-29)
2) those older of young |
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Influenze Antigenic Drift:
1) What is it? 2) Results in? 3) Allows virus to? 4) 2 examples? |
1) mutation in gene encoding H or N spike
2) Various Type A Strains 3) avoid mucosal IgA antibodies 4) H1N1 Wisconsin and New Caedonia |
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Influenza Antigenic Shift:
1) What is it? 2) Due to? 3) Arises from? |
1) New H or N Spike appears
2) genetic reassortment between duck strain and human stain infecting same pig cell 3) A cell infected with a current human strain along with an avine virus and their segment mix so the virus comes out with a new virus the human population has never seen before |
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Pertussis:
1) AKA? 2) Caused by? 3) Morphology? 4) Causes what kind of toxin? 5) Treated with? |
1) Whooping Cough
2) Bordetella Petussis 3) G- coccobacillus capsule 4) Tracheal cytotoxin, cell wall damaged ciliated cells and destroys tracheal Cells 5) DTaP |
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Pertussis Toxin:
1) Inhibits what 2) How many micrograms to kill a 200lb person 3) What about the antitoxin? |
1) Protein Synthesis
2) 10 3) Must be administered rapidly if you suspect whooping cough |
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Pertussis:
1) Stage 1? 2) Stage 2? 3) Stage 3? |
1) Catarrhal stage (inflammation of mucous membranes with free flowing discharge) like common cold
2) Paroxysmal stage: violent coughing siges can cause hemorrage in the brain 3) Convalescence stage |
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Viral Pneumonia:
1) Complication of? 2) What is suspected if no cause is determined? |
1) Influenze, measles, chickenpox
2) Viral Etiology |
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV):
1) Called This because? 2) Commin in? 3) Causes cell? |
1) lung cells have been infected and the virus spreads to other cells and their membrains fuse to where it looks like you have a giant cell
2) Infants, 4500 annual death 3) Fusion (syncytium) |
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV):
1) Symptoms? 2) Diagnosis by? 3) treatment with? |
1) Coughing
2) serologic test for viruses and antibodies 3) Ribavirin, it is the general antibiral agent for RNA viruses; used to treat ebola- it is dissolved in water and put uner heat and is inhaled by infant |
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Pneumocystis Pneumonia:
1) Caused by? 2) It is a what? 3) Occurs in? 4) Treatment? |
1) Pneumocystis carinii
2) Fungus 3) New infects infants and immunosupporessed individuals 4) Timethoprim-sulfaethoxazole which inhibits the synthesis of folic acid |
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Influenza vaccines:
1) A/Brisbane/59/2007 2) A/Brisbane/10/2007 3) B/Brisbane/60/2008 4) new pandemic strain is? 5) New pandemic strain is related to? |
1) H1N1-like
2) H3N2-like 3) Like antigens 4) 2009 influenza A H1N1 5) A/California/07/2009 |