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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does penicillinase do?
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Hydrolyzes a bond in the B lactanase ring of penicillin.
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What makes up a virus?
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Nucleic acid core of DNA or RNA and a protein coat.
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What are the three major groups of viruses?
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Bacteria, Plant, Animal
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What is an obligate aerobe?
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Must have O2 to grow.
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How does a Gas Pak Anaerobic System work?
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generates H2 and CO2 after the addition of H2O. A palladium catalyst catalyzes the formation of H2O from H2 and O2, thereby removing the O2 from the chamber
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Conjugative Plasmids
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affect the conjugation between individual bacteria; genes encode for the ability to transfer themselves from the donor host bacterium to a suitable recipient bacterium.
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Staphylococcus
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gram positive; cocci, .5-1.5 um;irregular clusters; pairs or tetrads; non motile; non-sporing; facultatively anaerobic
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Where is S. aereus found?
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Skin or mucous membrane.
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Coagulase
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Increases virulance by surrounding the bacteria with a clot that protects it from phagocytosis and antibiotics
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Hemagglutinations
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clumping of red blood cells; used to test for blood type
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Isoantigens
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antigens that exist in alternative forms in a species and that are capable of causing an immune response in gentically different individuals in the same species, but not in individuals who carry them.
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4 human blood types
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A,AB,B,O
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Manitol salt agar
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differentiate between staph which ferments mannitol and micrococcus which do not. Yellow indicates acid production, positive test.
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a-hemolysis
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green color due to partial break down of hemoglobin
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b-hemolysis
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sharply defined zone of clear with no green.
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Epidemiology
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Causative agent, how it is transmitted, how it can be slowed or stopped.
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Communicable diseases
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Direct contact, aerosol, food/water, fomite (object), vector
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endemic
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present in low numbers at any time, reservoirs that can infect others at any time.
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Common-source epidemic
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Large numbers of individuals catch a disease from a common source.
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Reservoir
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Site where an infectious agent can live without causing disease but infections for others can occur.
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pandemic
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world wide
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yeast
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unicellular, non fillamentous can form psuedo-hyphae. Candida Albicans
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mold
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multi-cellular, fillamentous, form hyphae
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What do yeast produce during sexual reproduction?
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different kinds of spores.
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parasitism
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form of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and one organism is harmed.
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Ectoparasites
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exist out side the body: fleas, lice.
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Endoparasites
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Live in the body: tapeworm
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Epiparasites
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feed on other parasites
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Nectrotophic
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kills host
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Biotrophic
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keeps host alive
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kleptoparasitism
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steals food from host.
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sex peli
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formed by donor cell under direction of conjugative plasmid
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plasmid
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circular, double-stranded, naked DNA, extra chromosomal, codes for conjugation.
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Blood agar plate
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used to differentiate between S. aureus and S. epid B-hemolysis for S. aureus.
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Mueller-Hinton plate
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used to test for antibiotic resistance
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used to test for conjugation
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chloramphenicol, rifampic
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obligate anaerobe
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must have O2
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Facultative anaerobe
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can grow with or without O2 but prefers O2
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obligate anaerobe
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does not use O2 and is harmed by its presence
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Aerotolerant anaerobe
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don't use O2 but not harmed by it
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microaerophiles
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need little O2 but are inhibited by normal levels of O2
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agar deep culture
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used to determine O2 needs of bactria by area of growth
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virion
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entire virus particle
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capsid
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protein coat
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capsomeres
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structural components of the capsid that are visible under the electron microscope
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nucleocapsid
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nucleic acid and capsid together
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plaque
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colonies of phages
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Lytic cycle
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viral genome is replicated, protein is synthesized, two parts are assembled, mature virus is released by lysis of host cell
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Lysogenic Cycle
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viral nucleic acid becomes integrated into the host's own genome and replicates along with. Moves into lytic cycle when stressed.
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prophage
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resident within the host's genome without harming the host.
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lysogen
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host containing a prophage
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Why was assessment of hydrocarbon-degrading microoorganisms in marine sediments initiated?
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Clean up oil spills starting with the Exxon Valdez.
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Why was the sheen screen developed?
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materials at sea were limited
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How do you read a positive result?
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disruption of oil sheen
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verification of sheen screen
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radiorespiromtric activity
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What dilution does degradation become less effective?
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10-5
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What area of Alaska?
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Prince William Sound
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What is MPN
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Most probable number
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yeast food
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sugar
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mold food
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starch and protein
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green mold
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penicillin
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shotgun mold
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black mold shots towards the light
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3 types of parsites
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simple single cell protozoa, worms, ectos(mosquitos, lice)
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hygiene hypothesis
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lack of environmental exposure
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Danger model
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healthy immune system does not attack unless something attacks first.
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