Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why is a streak plate used?
|
to isolate colonies
|
|
the act of cohabitation
|
symbiosis
|
|
the production of pigment
|
chromogenesis
|
|
a mass of identical cells derived form a common descendent
|
pure culture
|
|
Why must we flame between each inoculation?
|
To not contaminate and to try to obtain a pure culture
|
|
microorganisms found in the human body
|
microflora
|
|
What is an opportunistic microorganism?
|
An organism that takes advantage when the host is comprimised such as when the immune system is weakend. (high stress, pregnacy, improper diet, and/or illness)
|
|
name an example of opportunistic microorganism
|
Candidas Albicans
|
|
disease causing
|
pathogenic
|
|
name a few pathogenic organisms that can be isolated form the human throat
|
Neisseria
Steptococcus Stapylococcus Haemophilus |
|
Which pathogen found in the throat would cause acute pharyngitis(and pneumonia)
|
streptococcus
|
|
What kind of agar was used during the throat swabing lab and why?
|
Blood agar
because we are looking for a hemolytic reaction. |
|
What are the two kind of hemolytic reactions that happen in blood agar?
|
Alpha
Beta If you see one of these two reactions you know that you are looking for a human pathogen |
|
An enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
|
Catalase
|
|
Do all bacteria have catalase?
|
No, it is a biochemical characteristic.
|
|
RESULTS:
A positive for catalase |
Bubbling
|
|
RESULTS:
A negative for catalase |
No bubbling
|
|
What is used to test for catalase?
|
Hydrogen peroxide
|
|
What does catalse do?
Who has them? |
It helps neutralize free radicals in the cell.
We have them and bacterial cells have them |
|
What is a beta hemolytic reaction?
vs. alpha hemolytic |
completly destroying the RBC's
vs. partially destroying the RBC'S --denaturing the hemoglobin. |
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
What was added to the gas pack? |
water
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
What was released after the water was added to the gas pack? |
carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
The was the purpose of the two gases being released from the gas pack? |
For the hydrogen gas to be release to react with all the oxygen to get rid of al the remaining oxygen. --It is turned into water. (obligate anaerobes dont like oxygen)It produced a lot of condensation in the jar.
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
What is needed to complete the reaction? |
palladium pellets
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
What do palladium pellets do? |
They are a enzyme catalyst that speed up the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen to turn it into water.
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
indicates the presense or lack of oxygen in an anaerobic jar |
methylene blue strip
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
RESULTS-for methylene blue strip A. presense of oxygen B. lack of oxygen |
A. blue
B. water |
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
What are three ways that can determine anaerobic conditions? |
1. condensation
2. anaerobic agar 3. methylene blue strip They are all indicators |
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
RESULTS: Anaerobic Agar Initially what color is it (in the presence of oxygen)? In the absense of oxygen what color is it? |
A. It is green
B. clear |
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
What other special media was used? |
Thio glyco llate
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
What was the color of Thioglycllate on the very surface? |
Pink
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
Why was thioglycollate pink on the surface? |
21-Culturing Anaerobes
It has an oxygen indicator--where ever oxygen diffuese into the media it turns pink. |
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
Why is thioglycollate used with obligate anaerobics? |
It is used because it is very viscous. Because it is difficult for oxygen to go to the bottom.
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
Name one obligate anaerobe |
Clostridium butyricum
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
bacteria requiring oxygen as the final electron acceptor |
Obligate aerobes
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
bacteria unable to tolerate oxygen, oxygen is toxic to these organisms. they grow by fermentation using an organic molecule as the final electron receptor or by anaerobic resperation. |
OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
bacteria able to use electron as the final electron acceptor or by an anaerobic. OR in the absense of oxygen , they can switch ti fermentation or anaerobic respiration |
Facultive anaerobes
|
|
21-Culturing Anaerobes
unable to grow in oxygen concentrations of ambient air. Love just a tiny bit of oxygen because they have very little SOD and catalase very low concentrations |
microaerophiles
|
|
Mycology
What was the purpose of the lab? about Colony formation |
To transfer fungus sabourauds dextrose agar plates
Characteristics? Furry,the bottom and the side of the colony were different. |
|
Mycology-
What was the purpose of the tease prep? What were the three different types? |
To prepare a slide
To look at the reproductive structures that fungi produce. (reproductive structures) 1. Rhizopus 2. Penicillium 3. Soraria |
|
Mycology
A sexual has-sporangium and sporangiospores. |
Rhizopus (see the picture/microscope on test)
|
|
Mycology
A sexual has- condiospores |
penicillium (hard to find most likly not on test)
|
|
Mycology
Sexual Reproduction has-Ascus and ascus spores (look like oblong sporangium) structures are a result of mating |
Sordaria (she has prepared slide probably on test)
|
|
Mycology
What is the back up for the tease prep? Why? |
Ridel prep-purpose is identical of tease prep.
Why? Because everything remains intact. |
|
Mycology
What is needed to put together a ridel prep? Why is water used? |
straw
slide cover slip water petri plate --Water is used because for moisture. |
|
Mycology
T or F Fungi love nice dark moist places |
True
|
|
Mycology
What is used to differentiate between yeast? What did we use this test for? |
chrome agar
We used this test to differentiate between three types of candidas |
|
Mycology
Know the differences between candidas? Candidas albicans, C. tropicalis, C. Kruzi |
Candidas albicans-green
c. tropicalis-purple c. kruzi- beige with pink tint |
|
Microbrew
What was added to make the beer? |
water
flavoring hops malt priming sugar (mid way) |
|
Microbrew
Why was flavoring hops added? |
flavor and aroma
|
|
Microbrew
What yeast was added? |
S. cerevisiae
|
|
Microbrew
Why was malt added? |
It was added as a food and energy source for the yeast.
|
|
Microbrew
What was the original source of the malt? |
Barley--sometimes wheat is used.
|
|
Microbrew
Why was priming sugar added? |
For carbonation to create the bubbles ( the foam on the top of the beer)
**midway** |
|
Microbrew
what does specific gravity measure? |
The alchol content. (the index reading was 1.01)
**midway** |
|
Microbrew
What was the whole purpose of the lab? |
Fementation
|
|
Microbrew
Is fementation an aerobic or anaerobic? |
anaerobic
|
|
Microbrew
What is the final electron acceptor in this kind of metabolism? (The fementation process) |
An organic molecule
|
|
Microbrew
What electron acceptor is it using in this casse? |
acetal formaldehyde
|
|
Microbrew
what are two by products of fementation? |
ethenal and carbon dioxide
|
|
Microbrew
What is the final end product of fementation? |
ethenal
|
|
Microbrew
How many ATPs do you get from fermentation? from one molecule? |
2
|
|
Microbrew
Trenda what is wort? |
hmm
|
|
Extra Cellular Enzymes-26
(will set out plates on lab-know the 3 plates) |
Starch agar
milk agar Tributyrin agar |
|
Extra Cellular Enzymes-26
which of the three agar do you need iodine to complete the read out? |
Starch agar
|
|
Extra Cellular Enzymes-26
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ADDING IODINE TO STARCH AGAR? |
IONDINE IS A STARCH INDICATOR. iT TELLS YOU IF IT IS PRESENT OR IF IT HAS BEEN BROKEN DOWN.
|
|
Extra Cellular Enzymes-26
Which of the three are you testing for a protase? |
the milk agar
|
|
Extra Cellular Enzymes-26
WHICH OF THE THREE WILL RESULT IN MONOSACCARIDES FROM THE HYDROLYSIS REACTION THAT TAKES PLACE? |
starch agar.
|
|
Extra Cellular Enzymes-26
Define hydrolysis reaction |
The breaking of bonds by adding water.
|
|
Extra Cellular Enzymes-26
What is the specific name of the protein being hydrolysized in milk agar? |
Casine
|
|
Extra Cellular Enzymes-26
What is another name for the enzymes that we tested for? |
extra cellular or exocellular
|
|
Extra Cellular Enzymes-26
why are they called extra cellular? |
Because they are being secreted by the cell. The bacteria are breaking down their food outside thier body. Then they absorb the smaller subunits.
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
What were the three different types of sugars? |
Sucrose, glucose, and lactose
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
What was tested for during this lab? |
The ability to ferment sugar.
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
These tests are commonly used to identify and classifying bacteria True or False |
true
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
What was the name of the little upside tube that each of the larger test tubes had? |
Durham tube
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
What was the purpose of a Durham tube? |
To collect gas ( a bubble collects)produced form the breakdown of sugar
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
Why is the media red? What was the name of it? |
it has a indicator
Phenol Red- |
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
The ability to fement a specific sugar or group of sugars is often unique to each type of bacteria. true or false |
true
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
what does the indicator indicate? |
A CHANGE IN PH. IT IS AN ACID BASED INDICATOR.
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
What is the Ph when it is Red? |
RED- pH 7
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
What is the pH when it is orange? |
lower t
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
What is the pH yellow? |
less than 6.8
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
If given a tube (yellow)What is the chemical reaction taking place? |
Fermentation (it would be an effective answer for the other tubes?)
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
Name two by products as a result of the reaction taking place? |
carbon dioxide and acid
|
|
carbohydrate fermentaion-27
What is happening if the tube is magenta? Is this reaction aerobic or anaerobic? |
NOSUGARFERMENTATION- instead protein is being broken down.
The reaction is aerobic...protein is not broken down by fermentaion only sugar. (only exception) |
|
Sulfer Reducing and Trytophan metabolism-28&29
|
Sulfer Reducing and Trytophan metabolism-28&29
|
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
what was innoculate? |
SIMS agar
and Trptone broth |
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
What has (tRENDA WHAT IS THE ANSWER TO THIS)??? as a carbon and energy sourc? |
SIM
|
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
What does SIMS test for? |
The ability to use sulfer as the final elctron acceptor.
|
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
Is it anaerobic? |
Yes
|
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
When sulfur is used as the final electron aceptor oxidized or reduced? |
Reduced- Hydrogen sulfide
|
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
when hydrogen sulfide is produced --what is its inital state? Why dont we smell it? |
it a gas --then it tuns solid
It doesnt smell because the media has iron in it. Iron i guess is like smell be gone for sulfer. |
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
What is being tested for in Tryptone broth? What animal has trytophan? |
It will check to see if the bacteria cam metabolize tryptpahn.
The animal is a turkey |
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
What in the tryptopahn media allow us to determine if the tryptophan was broken down? |
INDOLE
|
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
Indole reacts with__________ to produce a _________ band on the surface. |
Colvacs reagent
color change- a dark pink band |
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
What else was produced? |
indole, pyruvate, and ammonia
|
|
Sulfur and Trytophan-28&29
Which one is not a waste product? |
Pyruvate
|
|
Antibiotic Sensitivity 30
Why were their no zones of inhibition around the C. cervisiae and A. niger? |
Because they are prokaryotic cells.
Antibiotics do not work on fungi-mold,yeast |
|
Antibiotic Sensitivity 30
What do antibiotics target? |
Eukaryotic structures-it targets peptidoglycan
|
|
Antibiotic Sensitivity 30 Penicillin works better on the gram POSITIVE S. aureus than and on gram negative. WHY?
|
because it targets the peptidoglycan.
|
|
Antibiotic Sensitivity 30 Why is penicilin not helpful on a gram negative?
|
1. they have a lps layer
and periplasmic space. 2. even if it does destroy it does not kill it.---on a gram positive there is nothing but a bunch of layers???maybe |
|
ELISA 31
What were testing for with the ELISA? |
antigens and antibodies binding
|
|
ELISA 31
What does washing do? |
To rinse any antigen or any unbound antibodies
|
|
ELISA 31
Give an example of what this test is useful for |
home pregnacy test
hepatistis HIV water syphilis |