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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
why do we use stains?
to visualize bacteria
steps of simple stain
1) stain heat-fixed smear with methylene blue for 1 min

2) rinse with water

3) dry with bibulous paper

4) examine the slide microscopically under oil-immersion
Weose's 3 domains
archae
bacteria
eukarya
Graim stain

purpose
to differentiate between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
Gram negative

characteristics
stain purple

thick peptidoglycan layer
Gram positive

characteristics
stain pink

"sandwiched" peptidoglycan layer
steps of Gram stain
1) Add crystal violet to heat-fixed smear. Stain 30 secs - 1 min. Rinse with water

2) Stain with iodine for 1 min.

3) Decolorize with 95% alcohol for 5-10 seconds. Rinse with water.

4) Stain with safranin for 30 secs - 1 min. Rinse with water.
Gram Stain

primary stain
crystal violet
Gram stain

mordant
iodine
Gram Stain

secondary stain
safranin
Gram Stain

decolorizer
95% alcohol
Christian Gram
Gram stain
organisms used in Gram stain lab
Bacillus megaterium

Escherichia coli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Stephylococcus aureus
Negative stain

purpose
to demonstrate bacterial capsule
Negative stain

stain used
Nigrosin

(negatively charged)
Negative stain

steps
1) Heat-fix the AIR dried nigrosin

2) Stain the smear with crystal violet for 1 minute

3) Rinse with water & view
Negative stain

primary stain
Nigrosin
Negative stain

secondary stain
crystal violet
Endospore Stain

purpose
to detect endospores
Endospore Stain

also known as
Schaffer-Fulton
Endospore stain

primary stain
malachite green
Endospore Stain

secondary stain
safranin