Microbiology Lab Quiz 1

Front 1

Viruses

Prions

Bacteria

Fungi

Parasites

Back 1

5 Examples of microorganisms

Front 2

Many of its infectious stages are in microscopic form

Back 2

Why are macroscopic helminths (parasites) grouped in microbiology?

Front 3

one

Back 3

Colonies that are observable on agar media come from ___________ parent cell(s)

Front 4

Form

Margin

Elevation

Back 4

3 ways to classify morphology of bacteria

Front 5

Punctiform

Circular

Filamentous

Irregular

Rhizoid

Spindle (lens)

Back 5

6 Types of Forms for Bacteria

Front 6

Entire (Even)

Undulate (Wavy)

Filamentous

Lobate (Lobes)

Erose (Serrated)

Curled

Back 6

6 Types of Margin for Bacteria

Front 7

Flat

Raised

Convex

Pulvinate

Umbonate

Back 7

5 Types of Elevation for Bacteria

Front 8

Media

Back 8

- Used to cultivate bacteria, fungus, other microbes

- Contain peptones and buffers, some contain sugars

Front 9

Peptones

Back 9

- Source of carbon and nitrogen for bacteria - food source in media

- Allows for heat sterilization of the media by autoclaving

- Can withstand heating without agglutinating and remain dissolved in solution

Ex: Protein from Soybean in Tryptic Soy Broth

Front 10

Aerobic

- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Not really a pellicle)

- Bacillus subtilis

Anaerobic

Back 10

Bacteria that form a pellicle by growing on the surface of broth cultures because they require the presence of oxygen? Give 2 examples

- If pellicle is on the bottom of the tube?

Front 11

Facultative Anaerobes

- Escherichia coli

Back 11

Bacteria that will grow in the presence and absence of oxygen so will produce a turbid growth throughout the tube? Give example.

Front 12

Streak Plate

Back 12

- Serves to isolate pure colonies of bacteria from a sample containing a mixture of bacterial species and to observe the morphology of the isolated colonies which aids in their classification

- Usually divided into quadrants to progressively dilute

Front 13

Punctiform

Circular

Back 13

What is the form of S. epi from a streak plate?

The form of E. coli?

Front 14

Spread Plate

Back 14

- Allows us to make a bacterial lawn in which bacteria completely cover the surface of the plate

- Allows us to differentiate which antibiotic is stronger - if they have a wider range

- Allows us to count bacteria viable plate count

- Viral specificity

Front 15

Resolution increases

Light intensity decreases

Field of view gets smaller

Depth of field decreases

Back 15

When the total magnification is increased, what happens to resolution? Light intensity? Field of view? Depth of field?

Front 16

Simple Stain

Back 16

- Refers to the fact only one stain is used on the specimen

- Identify the shape and morphology

- Any stain can be used whether it contains a cationic, anionic dye: methylene blue, crystal violet, safranin, carbol fuschin can all be used

Front 17

Negative

Negative

Positive

Back 17

Bacteria cells are slightly (positive/negative)

Acidic dyes are (positive/negative)

Basic dyes are (positive/negative)

Front 18

Coccus

Diplococcus

Streptococcus

Staphlococcus (S. epi)

Micrococcus

Sarcina

Back 18

Name the following explanations:

- Spherical in shape

- Pairs in spheres

- Chains of spheres

- Clusters of spheres (give example)

- Square groups of spheres

- Cubical packets of eight spheres

Front 19

Bacillus

Streptobacillus (Escherichia coli)

Spiral

Vibrio

Back 19

Name the following explanations:

- Shaped like small rods

- Rods in chains (Give example)

- Looks like a corkscrew - Uncommon

- Comma-shaped bacteria

Front 20

Endotoxin

Lipopolysaccharide layer

Back 20

2 components only Gram negative bacteria have

Front 21

Spirochetes

Back 21

Which type of bacteria cannot be stained with the Gram stain dyes?

Front 22

Alcohol (decolorizer)

Back 22

What dissolves the lipid outer membrane and removes any crystal violet that might stain their cell wall in Gram negative bacteria?

Front 23

Methanol

Safranin

Back 23

What is used to 'fix' the bacteria instead of heat?

What is used to counter stain gram negative bacteria?

Front 24

Gram's Iodine

Back 24

- Considered a mordant (kills the bacteria) and also enhances and fixes the crystal violet

Front 25

Purple (Staphylococcus epidermidis)

Pink (Escherichia coli)

Back 25

Gram Positive bacteria would appear what color? Give example

Gram Negative bacteria would appear what color? Give example

Front 26

- Old culture

- Improper heat fixation

- Over Decolorizing

Back 26

3 ways that Gram positive bacteria will stain like gram negative.

Front 27

Capsule

Back 27

- Considered a virulent factor

- Most are made from polysaccharides, few are proteinaceous

- Even more difficult to stain

- Resistant to macrophages and phagocytosis

Front 28

Gram +

Ex: Bacillus, Clostridium

Back 28

(Gram +/Gram -) produce endospores

Give 2 examples

Front 29

Aerobic/ Facultative

Anaerobic

Back 29

Bacillus is (aerobic/anaerobic/facultative)

Clostridium is (aerobic/anaerobic/facultative)

Front 30

Endospores

Back 30

- Dormant bacterial structures that's resistant to harsh environments

- Can survive for decades

- Stain red or green

Front 31

Capsule Stain

Back 31

- Negative Staining is used using Congo Red so actual structure is clear or white, everything else is stained

Front 32

Flagella

Back 32

- Structures for motility to escape hostile environment and move toward nutrients

- Rosaniline commonly used to stain in the presence of tannic acid

- Runs from phagocytosis

Front 33

Monotrichous

Lophotrichous

Amphitrichous

Peritrichous

Back 33

Arrangements of flagella

Front 34

Monotrichous

Back 34

- Singular flagellum on one side

Front 35

Lophotrichous

Back 35

- Clump/Tuft of flagella on one or both poles

Front 36

Amphitrichous

Back 36

- Single flagella at both poles

Front 37

Peritrichous

Back 37

- Bacteria is completely covered with flagella

Front 38

Lava Streams

Blood Stream

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Most organs

Back 38

Where would you not expect to see bacteria? (4 Examples)

Front 39

Skin

Nose

Mouth

Gastrointestinal Tract

Vagina

Urethra of urinary tract

Back 39

6 Places you can expect to find bacteria on the body

Front 40

Punctiform

Entire/Even

Convex

Back 40

Describe shape, margin and elevation

Front 41

1. Escherichia coli; facultative anaerobic; turbid with sediment deposit on bottom, no pellicle

2. Bacillus subtilis; strictly aerobic; clear with pellicle on top

3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa; aerobic; slightly turbid because shaken, thin layer of bacterial growth on top

Back 41

Identify the bacteria and their growth pattern.

Front 42

Escherichia coli - Streptobacillus - Gram Negative

Staphylococcus epidermidis - Staphylococcus - Gram Positive

Back 42

Identify the pink bacteria and its shape. Identify the purple bacteria and its shape. Which one is Gram Positive?

Front 43

Circular; Entire(Even); Raised/Convex

Punctiform; Entire(Even); Convex

Back 43

Compare colony growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Front 44

Diaphragm

Back 44

Used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide.

Located directly under the stage.

Front 45

Condenser

Back 45

Connected to the iris diaphragm and located just under the stage. Contains a system of lenses that directs light from the lamp through the slide specimen.

Front 46

Benefits of using Oil Immersion

Back 46

Using Immersion oil between the specimen and the oil objection lens minimized the light loss as well as increased its numerical aperture and, in return, makes its limit of resolution smaller. The result is better resolution.

Front 47

Coarse Adjustment Knob

Back 47

[MILLIMETERS] This is used for rapid (or coarse) focusing on the specimen when using the scanning objective lens and the low power lens. This course focusing knob is rotated until the specimen is roughly in focus and then left alone.

Front 48

Fine Adjustment Knob

Back 48

[MICROMETERS]Controls precise focusing of the object. Only the fine adjustment knob should be used with the high magnification lenses - high power and the oil immersion objective lenses. Moving the fine adjustment knob also helps you to determine the third dimension (depth) of the specimen you are studying.

Front 49

Examples of Gram Positive

Back 49

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Sarcina

Micrococcus

Enterococcus

Bacillus

Clostridium

Corynebacterium

Front 50

Examples of Gram Negative

Back 50

Escherichia

Pseudomonas

Salmonella

Shigella

Proteus

Enterobacter

Neisseria

Hemophilus

Front 51

Endospore Stain

Back 51

- Cells are stained red (safranin) and ______ are green (malachite Green)

- Smear must be heated above boiling water bath for 3-5 minutes to stain

- The cells are counterstained with safranin

Front 52

Exospore

Back 52

- Reproductive structures, sometimes from fungus

Ex: Pollen

Front 53

Examples of pathogens that make capsules

Back 53

Bacillus anthracis

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Front 54

Capsule; Negative Staining with Congo Red

Back 54

Identify the structure and method of stain.

Front 55

Endospore; Boiled in water bath with malachite green, then counterstained with safranin

Back 55

Identify the structure and method of stain.

Front 56

Flagella; Rosaniline

Back 56

Identify the structure and method of stain.