Microbiology: Functional Anatomy Of..

Front 1

coccus

is what shape?

Back 1

spherical

Front 2

bacillus

is what shape?

Back 2

rod

Front 3

glycocalyx

definition

Back 3

a gelatinous polymer surrounding a cell

Front 4

capsule

definition

Back 4

the glycocalyx when it is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall

Front 5

slime layer

definition

Back 5

the glycocalyx when it is unorganized and only loosely attached to the cell wall

Front 6

capsule

function

Back 6

to protect pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis by the cells of the host

Front 7

how does a bacterium move?

Back 7

flagella

"run & tumble"

Front 8

flagella

is composed of what?

Back 8

protein flagellin

Front 9

flagella

location

Back 9

anchored to cell wall & membrane by basal body

Front 10

flagella

function

Back 10

allow cells to maintain mobility

Front 11

what are the 4 types of flagella?

Back 11

monotrichous

amphitrichous

lophotrichous

peritrichous

Front 12

monotrichous

structure

Back 12

a single polar flagellum

Front 13

amphitrichous

structure

Back 13

a tuft of flagella at each end of the cell

Front 14

lophotrichous

structure

Back 14

two or more flagella at one or both ends of the cell

Front 15

peritrichous

structure

Back 15

flagella distributed over the entire cell

Front 16

axial filaments

movement

Back 16

rapid corkscrew type of movement

Front 17

axial filaments

function

Back 17

mobility

Front 18

fimbrae

function

Back 18

enable a cell to adhere to surfaces

Front 19

fimbrae

structure

Back 19

hair-like

Front 20

gram positive bacteria

cell wall

Back 20

teichoic acids on top of peptidogylcan layer on top of plasma membrane

Front 21

gram negative bacteria

cell wall

Back 21

outer membrane on top of peptidoglycan layer on top of plasma membrane

Front 22

peptidoglycan is unique to..

Back 22

bacteria

Front 23

peptidoglycan

structure

Back 23

repeating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

(NAG & NAM)

linked by short peptides

Front 24

acid-fast stains are used for what bacteria?

Back 24

mycobacteria

Front 25

myobacterium contain what acid in their cell call?

Back 25

mycolic acid

Front 26

eukaryotic plasma membranes

contain what?

Back 26

phospolipids

carbohydrates

sterols

Front 27

prokaryotic plasma membranes

contain what?

Back 27

phospholipids

Front 28

plasma membrane

function

Back 28

controls the movement of various substances in and out of the cell

Front 29

simple diffusion

definition

Back 29

the net movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Front 30

facilitated diffusion

definition

Back 30

the substance to be transported combines with a plasma membrane protein called a transporter

Front 31

hypotonic solution

Back 31

water moves INTO the cell and may cause the cell to burst if the wall is weak or damaged

Front 32

hypertonic solution

Back 32

water moves OUT of the cell, causing its cytoplasm to shrunk (plasmolysis)

Front 33

what percent of the cell is in water?

Back 33

70%

Front 34

S unit

Back 34

Svedberg unit unit

Front 35

cytoplasm

definition

Back 35

the substance of the cell inside the plasma membrane

Front 36

instead of a nucleus, bacterial cells contain what?

Back 36

a nucleoid

Front 37

ribosomes

function

Back 37

the sites of protein synthesis

Front 38

ribosomes

are composed of what two subunits?

Back 38

a protein

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Front 39

metachromatic granules

definitions

Back 39

large inclusions

collectively known as volutin

Front 40

metachromatic granules/volutin

function

Back 40

a reserve of inorganic phosphate that can be used in the synthesis of ATP

Front 41

inclusions

definition

Back 41

reserve deposits

found within the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells

Front 42

polysaccharide granules

consist of what?

Back 42

glycogen & starch

Front 43

lipid inclusions

function

Back 43

a common lipid-storage material, unique to bacteria

Front 44

carboxysomes

definition

Back 44

inclusions that contain the enzyme ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase

Front 45

gas vacuoles

definition

Back 45

hollow cavities

consists of rows of several individual gas vesicles which are hollow cylinders covered by protein

Front 46

magnetosomes

definition

Back 46

inclusions of iron oxide formed by several gram-negative bacteria that act like magnents

Front 47

magnetosomes

function

Back 47

used by bacteria to move downward until they reach a suitable attachment site

can decompose hydrogen peroxide

Front 48

endospores

are used by what generas of bacteria?

Back 48

clostridium

bacillus

Front 49

endospores

function

Back 49

used when essential nutrients are depleted

survive extreme conditions

can remain dormant for thousands of years