Microbiology For Final Exam End Chapt 12

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What is this showing and tell me about it?

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Algae; not a taxon;photoautotrophic eukaryotes that are not plants;many groups that are not closely related to each other;some algae produce harmful algal blooms - HABs

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Chlorophyta is?

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green algae;chlorophylls a and b, cellulose in cell walls, storage molecule starch;probably the group from which plants evolved

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Stramenopila (candidate kingdom)

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contains several groups of algae and also the “water molds”
flagellated cells have 2 flagella, one with hairy projections
phyla of algae
Phaeophyta (brown algae)
Bacillariophyta (diatoms)
Oomycota - water molds

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Macrocystis

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is giant kelp; is harvested off the coast of California, partly for algin

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algin

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algin is used as a thickener in many foods
algin is used in rubber tires and hand lotion

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Bacillariophyta

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pictures of diatoms

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domoic acid intoxication

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produced by diatoms;can cause memory loss and diarrhea in humans

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Picture of what?

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Pseudonitzschia;causes harmful algal blooms HABs
amnesic shellfish poisoning ASP

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Picture of What?

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Aureococcus anophagefferens;very tiny - nannoplankton;in recent decade causes “brown tides” on east coast (first noted in 1987);kills some filter-feeders by clogging their feeding apparatus

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What's this?

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Phytophthora infestans;late blight of potatoes
caused famine in Ireland

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What this?

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Porphyra;source of nori

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What's this?

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Alexandrium;(a dinoflagellate);produces a saxitoxin - binds and blocks sodium ion channels;paralytic shellfish poisoning - PSP;
muscle relaxation - no breathing;

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What's this?

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Pfiesteria piscicida;Possible Estuary Associated Syndrome (PEAS);massive fish kills;people also affected - memory loss, confusion, skin irritation, headaches, liver damage;found east coast of U.S.

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Plasmodium

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malaria; sexual reproduction in Anopheles mosquito - definitive host
infects human red blood cells - intermediate host

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Plasmodium vivax

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benign malaria

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Toxoplasma gondii;toxoplasmosis;cats are an essential part of the life cycle;sexual phase in the intestine of cats -definitive host
oocysts shed in feces

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Cryptosporidium parvum; cryptosporidiosis;choleralike diarrhea of 10-14 days’ duration;1957 recogized as human pathogen;oocysts ingested

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Trichomonas vaginalis;has an undulating membrane;human parasite - found in vagina and male urethra - sexually transmitted - or on toilet seat-causes vaginitis with a copious, frothy greenish-yellow, foul smelling discharge

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Giardia lamblia;giardiasis;archaezoan - found in small intestine of humans and other mammals;cysts excreted in feces;prolonged diarrhea, malaise, nausea, flatulence, weakness, weight loss, abdominal cramps - often with distinct odor of hydrogen sulfide in breath or stool

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Entamoeba histolytica;amoebic dysentary;pathogenic
uses proteins called lectins to attach to galactose on the plasma membrane oligosaccharides
causes cell lysis;transmitted through cysts in feces

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Naegleria fowleri;meningocephalitis -PAM (primary amoebic meningitis);Euglenozoan –probably not;contracted in swimming water - migrates via olfactory nerves to brain;fatality rate is nearly 100% - diagnosis at autopsy;Global warming

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Leishmania;leishmaniasis;from female sand fly (Phlebotomus);widespread and complex disease

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Trypanosoma brucei gambiense;African trypanosomiasis - sleeping sickness;bite of tsetse fly - death in 2-4 years

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Trypanosoma cruzi;Chaga’s disease;protozoan disease of the cardiovascular system
occurs in southern Texas, Mexico, Central America and parts of South America;vector - reduviid bug - kissing bug
bites near lips - may defecate while biting;disease most dangerous to children;parasite damages nerves controlling peristaltic action of esophagus or colon
organs become grossly enlarged
10-30% die of complications after decades of infection

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Cellular slime mold Dictyostelium

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Plasmodial slime mold, Physarum

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Clonorchis sinensis;Asian liver fluke

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Paragonimus westermani

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lung fluke;Definitive host – humans – fluke lives in bronchioles; liberates eggs into bronchi; swallowed and released in feces

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Schistosoma haematobium;blood flukes;Can cause damage to bladder, liver, brain;
Slender females live in a groove in the male, continually producing eggs;Schistosomiasis
Debilitating disease;intermiadiate host is snails

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Taenia saginata; beef tapeworm

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Taenia solium;pork tapeworm; humans can be both the definitive and intermediate host; can cause cysticercosis encysts in human tissues, sometimes in the eye, sometimes in the brain

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Echinococcus granulosus;dog and wolf tapeworm; encysts in humans – hydatid cyst – brood capsule

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Enterobius vermicularis;pinworms;
Eggs infective to humans;Females come out at night and lay eggs around the anus which becomes itchy and is scratched transferring eggs to hands

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Necator americanus;hook worms;Larvae penetrate through skin, even of foot;
Live in small intestine after traveling through lungs;
Suck blood from intestinal lining

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Ancyclostoma duodenale

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hook worm similar to Necator americanus

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Ascaris lumbricoides;Infects over 1 billion people worldwide
Young worms pass through lungs before they settle in human small intestine;ascariasis;
Eggs infective for humans

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Trichinella spiralis;trichinellosis;Acquired by eating undercooked pork, horsemeat or game especially bear;larvae encyst in human muscle, often in diaphragm and eye muscles