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243 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Koplik's spots |
Measles: Symptoms |
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Lockjaw, convulsions |
Tetanus: Symptoms |
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Negri bodies, hydrophobia, salivation |
Rabies: Symptoms |
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Rash on palms and soles |
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, and secondary Syphilis: Symptoms |
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Non painful chancre |
Primary syphilis: Symptoms |
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Gummas |
tertiary syphilis: Symptoms |
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Erythema migranes, Bull's eye rash |
Lyme Disease: Symptoms |
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Buboe |
Plague: Symptoms |
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Rice Watery Stool |
Cholera: Symptoms |
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Flaccid paralysis |
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Grayish pseudomembrane on throat |
Diphitheria: Symptoms |
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Ghon complexes |
Tuberculosis: Symptoms |
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Salk Polio Vaccine |
Killed |
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Rabies Vaccine |
Killed |
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Killed Typhoid Fever Vaccine |
Killed |
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Oral Cholera Vaccine |
Killed |
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Hepatitis A Vaccine |
Killed |
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Plague Vaccine |
Killed |
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Injected Influenza |
Killed |
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Sabin Polio Oral Vaccine |
Attenuated Live |
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Small Pox Vaccine |
Attenuated Live |
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Chicken pox vaccine |
Attenuated Live |
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Measles Vaccine |
Attenuated live |
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Rubella Vaccine |
Attenuated Live |
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Mumps Vaccine |
Attenuated Live |
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Oral Typhoid fever vaccine |
Attenuated Live |
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Tularemia Vaccine |
Attenuated live |
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Influenza flumist nasal |
Attenuated Live |
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Tuberculosis (BCG Vaccine) |
Attenuated Live |
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H. influenzae vaccine |
Subunit |
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S. pneumoniae vaccine |
Subunit |
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N. meningitidis vaccine |
Subunit |
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Tetanus toxoid vaccine |
Subunit |
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Diphtheria toxoid |
Subunit |
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Hepatitis B( HBsAg) Vaccine |
Subunit |
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Anthrax (Acellular) Vaccine |
Subunit |
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Pertuissis (Acellular) DTaP |
Subunit |
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Papilloma Gardasil |
Subunit |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Vector |
Insect Vector: tick |
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Plague Vector |
Insect Vector: Flea |
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Lyme Disease Vector |
Insect Vector: Ixodes tick |
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Tularemia Vector |
Insect Vector: tick |
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Malaria Vector |
Insect Vector: Anopheles mosquito |
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West Nile encephalitis Vector |
Insect Vector: Mosquito |
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Anthrax Vector |
Animal Vector: cattle |
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Rabies Vector |
Animal Vector |
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Plague Vector |
Animal Vector: rats |
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Tularemia Vector |
Animal Vector: rabbits |
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Tetanus: Mode of transmission |
Direct Contact |
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Dermatophytes (tinea): Mode of transmission |
Direct Contact |
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Impetigo: Mode of transmission |
Direct Contact |
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Erysipelas: Mode of transmission |
Direct Contact |
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Warts: Mode of transmission |
Direct Contact |
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Staph Skin infections: Mode of transmission |
Direct Contact |
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Leprosy: Mode of transmission |
Direct Contact |
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Trachoma: Mode of transmission |
Direct Contact |
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Polio: Mode of Transmission |
Oral-fecal route |
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Hepatitis A: Mode of Transmission |
Oral-fecal route |
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Hepatitis E: Mode of Transmission |
Oral-fecal route |
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Typhoid Fever: Mode of Transmission |
Oral-fecal route |
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Shigellosis: Mode of Transmission |
Oral-fecal route |
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Traveler's diarrhea: Mode of Transmission |
Oral-fecal route |
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Cholera: Mode of Transmission |
Oral-fecal route |
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Campylobacter: Mode of Transmission |
Oral-fecal route |
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Hepatitis B: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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Hepatitis C: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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Hepatitis D: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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HIV: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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Gonorrhea: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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Syphilis: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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Herpes 1&2: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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Papilloma warts: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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Chlamydia: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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Ebola: Mode of Transmission |
Sexual Transmission |
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All meningitis: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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All pneumonia: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Common Cold: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Influenza: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Small pox: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Chickenpox: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Mumps: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Measles: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Rubella: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Cold Sores (HSV-1): Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Infectious mononucleosis: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Pulmonary plague: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Leprosy: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Tuberculosis: Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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Pharyngitis ( strep throat): Mode of Transmission |
Respiratory |
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HIV: Transmission |
Blood |
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Hepatitis B: Transmission |
Blood |
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Hepatitis C: Transmission |
Blood |
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Ebola: Transmission |
Blood |
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Rubella: Transmission |
Mother to Child |
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HIV: Transmission |
Mother to Child |
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Hepatitis B: Transmission |
Mother to Child |
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Syphilis: Transmission |
Mother to Child |
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Herpes Infection: Transmission |
Mother to Child |
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Gonorrhea ophthalmia: Transmission |
Mother to Child |
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Nonsense mutation |
A mutation that occurs changing a regular codon to a stop codon |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Skin infection found in burn patients, green pus, gram negative rods |
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Griffith's 1928 experiment |
DNA from dead encapsulated bacteria can transform living non-encapsulated bacteria into living encapsulated - Transformation |
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Septate hyphae |
cross walls |
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Chitin |
Fungal cell walls |
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Fungal reproduction |
asexual and sexual |
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Molds |
multicellular |
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Candida albicans |
It is an opportunistic infection that causes disease in immunocompromised patients |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Has a waxy lipid rich components in the cell wall that make it resistant to disinfectants |
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Borrelia and Treponema |
spirochete that have axial filaments |
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Germicide |
Kills microbes |
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Virucide |
kills viruses |
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Sterilant |
destroys all living things |
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Fungicide |
kills yeasts and molds |
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Bacteriostatic |
Keeps any bacteria from growing further |
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Clorox |
Disinfectant |
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Ultraviolet light |
Disinfectant |
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Betadine |
Antiseptic |
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Glutaraldehyde |
Disinfectant and Sterilant |
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Salmonella enterica |
Rod shaped gram negative bacteria |
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A drug that binds with sterols targets ? |
Eukaryotic plasma membranes |
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Thiomagertia namebiensis |
Gram negative giant diplococci that usually inhabit the ocean |
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Frameshift mutation |
When all bases are shifted forwards or backwards due to insertion or deletion |
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Staphylococci |
gram positive in grape like clusters |
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Streptococci |
Gram postive cocci in chains |
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Miconazole- destroys ergosterols |
Used for yeast infection of mucous membrane |
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Specialized transduction |
Virus is a lysogenic, has both bacterial and viral DNA, prophage exists in the bacterial chormosome |
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Examples of Enterobacteriacae (gram negative rods) |
Salmonella, E.coli, shigella, klebsiella |
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Does not destroy endospores |
Pasteurization |
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Haemophilus influenzae |
causes meningitis |
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UV Light affects? |
Two TT's next to each other |
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Rickettsias |
obligate intracellular parasites |
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Characteristics of Fungi |
Cause diseases called mycosis, grow in high salt and sugar concentrations, chemoheterotrophs, may have septate hyphae, survive better at high osmotic pressure |
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Mycobacterium leprae |
gram negative rod, highly resistant to dessication, has mycolic acid in its cell walls |
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Prions |
most difficult to destroy |
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F+ X F- = |
the F- cell becomes a F+ |
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Fusobacterium |
strict anaerobic gram negative rod that inhabits the mouth and has tapered ends |
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Silent mutation occur because ? |
the genetic code is redundant |
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Ringworm infection |
Caused by Dermatophytes, only contagious mycotic infection, can be passed through towels and socks |
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Sterilize a liquid |
Filtration |
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Sex pilius |
used for transfer of plasmid in conjugation |
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Alpha hemolysis |
partial green hemolysis on blood agar |
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Ionizing radiation |
Can sterilize plastics and rubber |
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Candida albicans |
thrush |
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Penicillinase |
cleaves beta lactam rings |
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Chlamydia |
obligate intracellular parasite, elementary body is infectious, they have a unique life cycle |
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Candida albicans |
fungus |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Gram positive cocci |
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Bacillus anthracis |
gram positive rod |
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Shigella dysenteriae |
Gram negative rod |
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Moraxella catarrhalis |
Gram negative cocci |
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Transformation |
The uptake of naked DNA |
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Campylobacter |
Gram negative spiral organism from bloody stool that can live at 43 Celsius |
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Bacteriphages |
virus that infect bacteria |
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Ethylene oxide chambers |
used to sterilize hospital mattresses |
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Clostridium and Bacillus |
Endospore forming |
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How to sterilize Glass |
Dry heat |
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Comma shaped gram negative spiral that contaminates water |
Vibrio |
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Lysogenic bacteriophage replication |
The phage is inserted into the chromosome |
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Mycelium |
a fungi mass made up of hyphae, threadlike structures |
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Antiseptic |
non toxic to be used on living tissue |
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Neisseria gonorrhea |
gram negative diplococci sexually transmitted |
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Bacteria resistance |
Produce enzymes Change site become impermeable by pass metabolic pathway |
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Penicillin |
have a beta lactam ring, R group determines spectrum of activity, act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, some people are allergic |
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Anthrax |
generates a resistant form that survives desication and heat |
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Hfr cell |
The F plasmid is incorporated in the bacterial chromosome |
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Streptococcus pyogenes |
Beta hemolyticm gram positive coccus causes strep throat |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
have no cell walls, have sterols in plasma membrane, filterable, no definite shape |
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Coenocytic hyphae |
long filament that has no crosswalls |
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Antiviral drugs |
inhibit viral DNA or RNA synthesis |
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Antibiotic resistance |
overuse of antibiotics, improper use, not finishing prescribed dose, antibiotics in animal feed |
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Kills pseudomonas |
Best advertisement |
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Missense mutation |
point mutation resulting in different amino acid |
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Fimbriae |
Structures in gram negative - virulence factor |
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Bacterial flagella |
Move by spinning like a propeller |
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Teichoic acid |
Cell walls of gram positive |
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Archae |
grow at 95 degrees or above |
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Strict anaerobe |
no catalase or peroxidase production |
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Give up electron |
Oxidation |
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Van Leewenhoek |
first person to observe bacteria through a microscope |
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Capsule |
makes bacteria more infective |
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Penicillin selectively toxic |
Weakens peptidoglycan found in cell walls of bacteria |
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Ligase |
Joins together DNA segments |
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Antibiotic resistance |
Gain a plasmid |
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Biofilms |
are less sensitive to antibiotics, protect mucous membranes, cause infections |
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Peptidoglycan layer |
Cross bridges link tetrapeptides together, contain long polymers of NAG and NAM, Tetrapeptides attach to NAM, Lysozymes break NAG-NAM bonds |
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Obligate aerobe |
superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase |
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Dogma of genetic information |
DNA to RNA to assembly of polypeptide chain |
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End products of glycolisis |
2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATPS, 2 NADH |
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Fermentation |
2 ATP for every one glucose molecule |
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Photoheterotroph |
organism that makes all of its organic compounds and food from organic compounds from sun energy |
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NADH produced after glycolysis and Krebs cycle |
10 |
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Fermentation |
production of energy by substrate level phophorulation |
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Glycolysis |
NAD+ is reduced |
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Transcription |
5' to 3' |
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Structure in gram negative bacteria - Causes fever and shock |
Lipid A |
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Cell Respiration |
Produces 38 ATP |
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Krebs cycle |
produces greatest amount of NADH |
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Okazaki fragments |
part of the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA |
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Prokaryotic outermembrane |
only in gram negative, contain endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide, on top of peptidoglycan layer |
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Pathogenic bacteria |
chemoheterotroph |
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Substrate level phosphorylation |
Transfer of high energy phosphate group to ADP, respiration and fermentation, ATP produced in glycolysis, 2 ATP produced from one molecule in Kreb's cycle |
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Macrophage |
Most effective phagocytic cell in the body |
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Leprosy |
Hypopigmentation and loss of sensation in skin |
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Tetanus |
Gram postive endospore former |
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Neisseria gonorrhea |
eye infection in newborn |
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Streptococcus pyongenes |
Group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus: Pharyngitis, Erysipelas, Necrotizing fascitis, impetigo |
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Smallpox |
Largest of all viruses |
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Artificially acquired active immunity |
Vaccinations |
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Inflammation |
Swelling, redness, pain, heat |
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Toxoid |
Inactivated toxin |
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Endotoxin |
Lipid A in gram negative cell wall |
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Fever |
induced by endotoxin or IL-1 |
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Coagulase and Hyaluronidase |
Enzymes- Virulence factors |
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Innate nonspecific immune response |
Lacks specificity and memory |
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Mechanical vector |
Carries bacteria on its body from location to location |
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MRSA symptoms |
Boils and carbuncles |
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Dermatophytes |
ringworm and tinea infection |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae |
gram positive diplococcus - alpha hemolysis- meningitis |
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Prion diseases |
Kuru, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie, creutzfield- jacob syndrome |
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HSV-1 |
DNA virus- lies dormant and causes cold sores |
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Components of innate immune response |
phagocytosis, fever, lysozome secretion, flow of urine |
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Helper T cells |
CD4+ and mature in thymus |
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B cells |
differentiate into plasma cells and secrete antibodies |
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Inflammation |
involves destroying, walling off pathogen, and tissue repair |
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cytotoxic T cells |
CD8+ and mature in thymus |
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Infant botulism |
gram positive endospore forming rod, due to exotoxin |
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Release of non-enveloped viruses |
cause most damage to cell |
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Release of histamines |
Increased blood vessel permeability |
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Uncoating |
Step following attachment and entry in animal cell viruses |
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IgA molecule |
binds to 2 antigens |
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Chlamydia trachomatis |
leading cause of blindness around the world, obligate cellular parasite |
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Neutrophils |
first phagocytic cell reaches inflammation cell |
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Chlamydia prevents formation of phagolysosomes |
Avoids being digested |
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Endotoxins |
fever, lipids, cause macrophages to secrete IL-1, decrease blood pressure |
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IgG |
the only antibody that crosses the placenta |
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IgM |
pentamer that is mainly produced during the primary immune response |
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IgE |
Allergic reactions |
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IgD |
antibody with no protective function |
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IgA |
dimer found on mucous membrane |
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Secondary immune response |
humoral and cell mediated immunity: specificity and memory, lymphocytes, self from nonself, antibody level is much higher than primary immune response |
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Complement activation |
Lyse the pathogen |
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Causes of menigitis |
Neisseria meningitidis, haemophilius influenzae, Listeria moncytogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Mechanical or chemical defenses |
skin and phagocytosis |
