Microbiology Exam 1 Chapters 1-4

Front 1

Smallpox

Back 1

hasbeen eliminated as a naturally occurring infection in human beings, AND wasdealt with by vaccination.

Front 2

Microorganismsare involved in

Back 2

A.

causing disease.

B.

curing/treating disease.

C.

preparing food.

D.

cleaning up pollutants.

Front 3

The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on SpontaneousGeneration that made them difficult to sterilize are

Back 3

endospores.

Front 4

Bacteria are good models to use because they

Back 4

B.

share many biochemical/physiological properties with more complicated organisms.

Front 5

domain

Back 5

bacteria, archaea, and eucarya

Front 6

Eukaryote

Back 6

organism composed of one or more eukaryotic cells, members of the domain Eucarya

Front 7

EUKARYOTIC cell

Back 7

Cell type characterized by a membrane bound nucleus

Front 8

Prion

Back 8

A non-living infectious agent consisting only of protein

Front 9

Prokaryote

Back 9

Single-celled organism consisting of a prokaryotic cell, member of the domain Bacteria and Archaea

Front 10

Viroid

Back 10

A non-living infectious agent consisting only of RNA

Front 11

Virus

Back 11

A non-living infectious agent consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat

Front 12

endospores

Back 12

heat resistant bacteria

Front 13

microbes

Back 13

infectious agents and microorganisms

Front 14

normal microbiota

Back 14

normal flora

Front 15

Amino acid

Back 15

A subunit of protein

Front 16

hydrophilic

Back 16

water loving

Front 17

hydrophobic

Back 17

water fearing

Front 18

pH

Back 18

measure of their acidity

Front 19

Proteins

Back 19

Catalyling reactions, transporting molecules, motility, cell framework, sensing and responding to conditions outside the cell, and regulating gene expression

Front 20

Carbohydrates

Back 20

include sugars and starches

Front 21

Carbohydrates

Back 21

they are energy source, energy storage, they are components of DNA and RNA, and source of carbon for biosynthetic products

Front 22

Monosaccharides

Back 22

are simple sugars

Front 23

Disaccharides

Back 23

are two monosaccharides put together

Front 24

Nucleic acids

Back 24

carry genetic information

Front 25

Lipids

Back 25

a very diverse group pf non-polar, hydrophobic molecules

Front 26

Simple Lipids

Back 26

contain only carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen

Front 27

Compound Lipids

Back 27

contain only fatty acids and glycerol

Front 28

Contrast

Back 28

affects how easily cells can be seen

Front 29

Capsule

Back 29

gel like layer that surrounds certain microbes

Front 30

Simple diffusion

Back 30

molecules move from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration

Front 31

Osmosis

Back 31

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 32

Facilitated diffusion

Back 32

form of passive transport that does not require energy

Front 33

Peptidoglycan

Back 33

material found only in bacteria

Front 34

Teichoic acids

Back 34

Gram-positive cell walls also have this

Front 35

Lysozyme

Back 35

an enzyme found in tears, saliva, and many other body fluids

Front 36

Slime layer

Back 36

the layer is diffuse and irregular

Front 37

Gas vesicles

Back 37

small, rigid, protein bound compartments that provide bouyancy to the cell

Front 38

Germinate

Back 38

exit the dormant state

Front 39

Sporulation

Back 39

endospore formation

Front 40

Germination

Back 40

can be triggered by a brief exposure to heat or certain chemicals

Front 41

Actin filaments

Back 41

allow the cell cytoplasm to move

Front 42

Binary fission

Back 42

how prokaryotes generally multiply

Front 43

Generation time

Back 43

The time it takes for a population to double

Front 44

Colony

Back 44

a distinct mass of cells

Front 45

Agar

Back 45

a polysaccharide extracted from marine algea