Microbiology Exam 1 Chapter 3

Front 1

bacillus

Back 1

a rod shaped procaryote

Front 2

capsule

Back 2

a layer of well organized material, not easily washed off, lying outside the bacterial cell wall

Front 3

cell envelope

Back 3

all the structuresof a procaryote from the plama membrane outward

Front 4

chemotaxis

Back 4

the movement of a microoragnism toward chemical attractants and away from chemical repellants

Front 5

coccus

Back 5

a spherical prokaryotic cell

Front 6

endospore

Back 6

an extremely heat and chemical resistant dormant thick walled spore that develops some within some gram positive bacteria

Front 7

fimbriae

Back 7

fine hair-like protein appendages ton some prokaryotes; some help attach cells to surfaces and there are involved in a type pf twitching motility

Front 8

fluid mosaic model

Back 8

The currently accepted model of cell membranes in which the membrane is a lipid bi-layer with integral proteins buried in the lipid and peripheral proteins more loosely attached to the membrane surface

Front 9

gas vacuole

Back 9

a proteinacious cytoplasmic organelle composed of clusters of gas filled vesicles; used my aquatic procaryotes to change location in a water column

Front 10

glycocalyx

Back 10

a network of polysaccharides extending from the surface of procaryotes

Front 11

inclusion bodies

Back 11

granules of organic or inorgainc material in the cytoplasm of bacteria

Front 12

lipopolysaccharides

Back 12

(LPSs)
Molecules containing both lipid and polysaccharide, which are located in the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria

Front 13

nucleoid

Back 13

an irregularly shaped region in the procaryotic cell that consists of genetic material

Front 14

peptidoglycan

Back 14

an essential component of the bacterial cell wall composed of long chains of alternationg N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid residues; chains are linked to each other by short chains of amino acids

Front 15

periplasmic space

Back 15

the space between the plasma membrane and the outermost laters of the cell wall in procaryotes

Front 16

plasmid

Back 16

a double-stranded DNA molecule that can exist and replicate independently of the chromosome or may be integrated with it; is is not required for the cell's growth and reproduction

Front 17

porin proteins

Back 17

proteins that form channels for the transport of small molecures across the outer membrane of a gram negative bacterial cell walls

Front 18

sex pili

Back 18

thin protein appendages required for bacterial conjugation; cells with sex pili donate DNA to recipient cells

Front 19

S-layer

Back 19

a regularly structured layer composed of protein or glycoprotein that lies on the surface of many procaryotes

Front 20

slime layer

Back 20

a layer of diffuse, unorganized, easily removed mateial lying outside the cell wall

Front 21

spirillum

Back 21

a rigid spiral-shaped bacterium

Front 22

spirochette

Back 22

a flexible, spiral shaped bacterium with periplasmic flagella

Front 23

inclusion bodies

Back 23

granules of organic or inorgainc material in the cytoplasm of bacteria

Front 24

lipopolysaccharides

Back 24

(LPSs)
Molecules containing both lipid and polysaccharide, which are located in the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria

Front 25

nucleoid

Back 25

an irregularly shaped region in the procaryotic cell that consists of genetic material

Front 26

peptidoglycan

Back 26

an essential component of the bacterial cell wall composed of long chains of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid residues; chains are linked to each other by short chains of amino acids

Front 27

periplasmic space

Back 27

the space between the plasma membrane and the outermost layers of the cell wall in procaryotes

Front 28

plasmid

Back 28

a double-stranded DNA molecule that can exist and replicate independently of the chromosome or may be integrated with it; is is not required for the cell's growth and reproduction

Front 29

porin proteins

Back 29

proteins that form channels for the transport of small molecules across the outer membrane of a gram negative bacterial cell walls

Front 30

sex pili

Back 30

thin protein appendages required for bacterial conjugation; cells with sex pili donate DNA to recipient cells

Front 31

S-layer

Back 31

a regularly structured layer composed of protein or glycoprotein that lies on the surface of many procaryotes

Front 32

slime layer

Back 32

a layer of diffuse, unorganized, easily removed material lying outside the cell wall

Front 33

bacillus

Back 33

a rod shaped procaryote

Front 34

capsule

Back 34

a layer of well organized material, not easily washed off, lying outside the bacterial cell wall

Front 35

cell envelope

Back 35

all the structures of a procaryote from the plasma membrane outward

Front 36

chemotaxis

Back 36

the movement of a microoragnism toward chemical attractants and away from chemical repellants

Front 37

coccus

Back 37

a spherical prokaryotic cell