Microbiology Exam 1 (Ch 1)

Front 1

Question: _______ first described bacterial cells in a 1684 manuscript by referring to them as “wee animalcules.”

Back 1

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Front 2

Who developed the culturing technique to enrich for a certain population of microbial cells from a complex community based on a particular phenotype of interest?

Back 2

Martinus Beijerinck

Front 3

Which individual worked with Bacillus during the late 1800s to elucidate heat resistance of microorganisms and later described the life cycle of an endospore-forming bacterium?

Back 3

Ferdinand Cohn

Front 4

Who was the first to reveal how certain bacteria can obtain energy from inorganic compounds (such as nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds) rather than organic substrates?

Back 4

Sergei Winogradsky

Front 5

_______ published the first known sketches of molds in the book Micrographia in 1665, making it the first documented description of microorganisms.

Back 5

Robert Hooke

Front 6

Koch used ______ to culture bacterial cells in his laboratory.

Back 6

agar
gelatin
potatoes

Front 7

In fulfilling the postulates Koch developed, he used ______ as a model animal to conclusively show that Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the bacterial pathogen that caused tuberculosis.

Back 7

guinea pigs

Front 8

The first of Koch’s postulates states the...

Back 8

disease-causing organism must always be present in animals suffering from the disease but not in healthy animals.

Front 9

Which of the items below is/are of concern when attempting to fulfill Koch’s postulates?

Back 9

~ Animals infected do not show the same symptoms as humans
~ The suspected pathogen is present in healthy humans
~ Unable to obtain an axenic (or “pure”) culture

Front 10

Robert Koch was a trained ______ who initially developed a lot of his germ theory of disease by studying bacteremia of ______.

Back 10

physician / Bacillus anthracis

Front 11

Which taxonomic group of microorganisms is primarily responsible for the oxygenation of Earth?

Back 11

cyanobacteria

Front 12

True or False: In the early 1900s, a United States resident was most likely to die from infectious disease, whereas today systemic diseases are the leading cause of death.

Back 12

TRUE

Front 13

How do nodule-forming bacteria help agriculture?

Back 13

microbially mediated fertilization

Front 14

The pH inside rumens is relatively ______, especially when compared to human stomachs, and is the location where active microbial populations ______ the cellulosic plant material into usable nutrient sources for the animal.

Back 14

neutral / ferment

Front 15

The application of microorganisms to clean up toxic pollutants in the environment is most specifically described as

Back 15

microbial bioremediation.

Front 16

The famous French molecular microbiologists François Jacob and Jacques Monod were awarded a Nobel Prize for their work on

Back 16

~gene regulation by repressor proteins.

~the operon concept.

Front 17

The production of human proteins (e.g., insulin) by genetically engineered microorganisms is an example of

Back 17

biotechnology

Front 18

Which emphasis has affected all of microbiology and continues to have a profound effect on experimental design, including the development of approaches such as transcriptomics?

Back 18

molecular microbiology

Front 19

Frederick Sanger and Kary Mullis each received Nobel Prizes for their work in ______ and ______ (respectively), which have fueled the genomics era that microbiology is currently experiencing.

Back 19

sequencing / PCR

Front 20

What did Craig Mello and Andrew Fire receive the Nobel Prize for in 2006?

Back 20

identification of RNA interference

Front 21

By separating purified crystals of tartaric acid by hand, Pasteur identified

Back 21

~ chirality.
~ enantiomers.
~ optical isomers

Front 22

True or False: Pasteur would have likely never been able to provide conclusive data to refute the long-lived germ theory if it were not for his rigid sterile technique.

Back 22

FALSE

Front 23

Which pathogen did Pasteur help treat by developing a vaccine against it?

Back 23

~ Bacillus anthracis

~ Rabies virus

~ The fowl cholera pathogen Pasteurella multocida

Front 24

Pasteur studied the asymmetric ______ formed in alcoholic fermentation of beets to suggest that it was not an abiotic process and instead required microbes to make alcohol.

Back 24

amyl alcohol

Front 25

What was Pasteur’s purpose in using a swan neck–shaped flask rather than a traditional Erlenmeyer flask for his experiments on spontaneous generation?

Back 25

to prevent large debris and microbes from entering

Front 26

Which of the following is NOT a property/process of all living cells?

Back 26

differentiation