Microbiology: Diseases Of The Skin And Eyes

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Epidermis

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Thin outer layer of skin

Coated with keratin

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Dermis

Back 2

Thick outer layer of skin

Provides a strong protective barrier against microbes

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Antimicrobial Properties of Skin/Eyes

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Sebacious glands (sebum/ 1st defense)

Sweat glands (salt/2nd defense)

Mucous membranes (lysozyme)

Tears (contain lysozyme)

Sloughing of skin (3rd line of defense)

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Normal Microflora of Eyes

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NONE!

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Sebaceous Glands

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Excrete acidic sebum to inhibit microbial growth on skin

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Sweat Glands

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secrete organic compounds and salt to reduce skin pH and inhibit microorganisms

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Skin mucous membranes

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lines organs and epidermis

secretes mucous made of glycoproteins and lysozyme

serves as a barrier to microbes

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Common Microflora of Skin

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Staphylococcus aureus (cause infection when enter follicle)

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Group A Streptococci

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"Flesh eating bacteria"

Express toxins that cause cytotoxicity and necrosis

Treatment: antibiotics ineffective/ heavy debridement required

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Pyodermas

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Aka Impetigo

Cause; staphylococci/streptococci/ corynebacteria singly or in combination

Symptoms: contagious lesions occurring primarily in children

Treatment: Penicillin

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Acne

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Cause: excess secretion of sebum causes inflammation (Propionbacterium acnes)

Treatment: oral antibiotics/ sebum inhibiting drugs (Accutane)

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Burn infections

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Cause: often Pseudomonas aeruginosa (nosocomial); Serratia marcescens

develops beneath escharred skin

Treatment: debridement

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Exanthema

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Skin rash

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Rubella

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Aka German Measles

Cause: togavirus

Symptoms: Exanthema

Can cause congenital birth defects if attained during pregnancy

Dx: Several lab tests

Prevention: MMR vaccine

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Measles

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Cause: rubeola virus

Symptoms: Koplik's spots (white spots appearing on upper lip or cheek), rash, febrile, seizures

Can progress to encephalitis or Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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Smallpox

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High mortality rate before vaccine invented

Prevented with attenuated vaccine or exposure to cowpox

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Molluscum contagiosum

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Cause: pox virus

Symptoms: cells divide rapidly (tumorlike)

Treatment: destruction of infected tissue (freezing or chemically)

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Warts

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Cause: HPV

Symptoms: pus filled lesions

Associated with cervical cancer in women

Treatment: No cure; cryotherapy; vaccine available for some strains

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Cryotherapy

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Freezing of skin to kill

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Ringworm

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Cause: dermatophytes (Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Truchophyton) invade keratinized tissue causing dermamycoses

Symtoms: contagious rash

Treatment: antifungal topicals

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Tinea Cruris

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jock itch

form of ringworm

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Tinea capitis

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scalp ringworm

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Tinea pedis

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Aka Athletes foot

Causes:form of ringworm where hyphae invade cells between toes

Symptoms: dry, scaly lesions

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Sporotrichosis

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Subcutaneous fungal infection

Cause: Sporothrix schenckil from plants

Symptoms: lesions around surface wounds that ulcerate and spread

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Blastomycosis

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Subcutaneous fungal infection

Cause: Blastomyces dermatidis from soils

Symtoms:pus forming skin lesions

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Thrush

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Cause: fungus Candida albicans

Symptoms: halitosis, oral lesions, discolored tongue

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Apergillosis

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Aka Farmer's Lung Disease

Cause: fungus Aspergillus fumitgatus from decaying vegetation

Symptoms: can cause severe pneumonia in immunosupressed

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Bacterial conjunctivitis

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Aka pinkeye

Cause: staphylococcus aureus, neisseria gonorrhea, pseudomonas, Haemophilus influenzae

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Gas Gangrene

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Cause: Multiple Clostridium spores in deep wounds/infections

Spores germinate in anaerobic conditions and express toxins

Symptoms: snap, crackle, pop sound in wounds

Treatment: wound cleaning

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Cat Scratch Fever

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Cause: Afipia felis or Bartonella henselae

Symptoms: lesions, fever, headache

Treatment: some require antibiotics

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Rat Bite Fever

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Cause: Streptobacillus monliformis in unsanitary conditions

Symptoms: lesions on palms and soles

Treatment: antibiotics; fatal if untreated

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Scabies

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Cause: Sarcoptes sabiei

Transmitted thru close contact/sex

Symptoms: widespread lesions

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Pediculosis

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aka Lice

Cause: Pediculus humanus lice attach to hair, clothes, skin

Crab Lice: Phthirus pubis

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Skin Diseases caused by Staphylococcus

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Folliculitis

Scalded Skin Syndrome

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Skin Diseases Caused by Streptococcus

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Scarlet fever

Erysipelas

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Fungal Skin Diseases

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Sporotrichosis

Blastomycosis

Candiasis

Aspergillosis

Zygomycosis

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Candiasis

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Aka Moniliasis

Cause: Yeast infection by Candidia albicans

Symptoms: appear as thrush or vaginitis

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Crepitant Tissue

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Distorted tissue caused by gas bubbles in gas gangrene

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Erysipelas

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Aka St. Anthony's Fire
Cause: hemolytic streptococci that spreads through lymph

Can result in septicemia

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Keratin

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water proofing protein in epithelial cells

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Scabies

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Cause: itch mite Sarcoptes
scabiei

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Koplik's spots

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Measles symptom identified white spots appearing on upper lip or cheek