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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which are correct about gram negative cell walls
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contains LPS]
thin layer of peptidoglycan bounded by a outer cell membrane |
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gram positive cell walls
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teichoic acid present
thick layer of peptidoglycan |
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contains 70s ribosomes
flagella composed of packets of protein called flagellin contain no membrane |
Procaryotes
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molecules composed of alternating molecules of NAG and NAM with amino acid bridging
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peptoglycan
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contains two large homologous chromosomes
divides by simple mitosis |
eukaryotes
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proteins act as enzymes to catalyze reactions
mostly a bilayer of phospholipids proteins form channels may act as a selective barrier |
prokaryotic cell membrane
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which are correct about sporogenesis in bacteria
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cell membrane moves down between replicated DNA,
peptidogycan is deposited between membranes, terminal spore is seen at the end of the bacillus, germination creates one bacteria, |
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amphitrichous
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single flagella arrangement at each pole of the bacteria
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monotrichous
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one flagella at the end of bacteria
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lophotrichous
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two or more flagella at the end of bacteria
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peritrichous
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all around the flagella of bacteria
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A mucopolysaccaride that protects the bacteria from phagocytic cells in the body
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capsule
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cluster of cocci
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staphylococci
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organelle that both eucaryotic and procaryotic cells
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ribosome
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genera contains no cell wall
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Mycoplasma
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pathway for producing riboses and deoxyriboses from glucose
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Pentose phosphate
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Glycolysis end product is
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Pyruvate acid
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Glycolysis
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does not req. oxygen, generates net two ATP's per glucose, occurs in the cytoplasm, end product of two molecules of pyruvic acid, produes 2NADH's per glucose
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two molecules with the same atoms but a different arrangement of the atom are
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isomeres
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amount of energy req. for chemical reaction to occur
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activation
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PEP phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvic acid best illustrates which phosphorylation
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substrate phosphorylation
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organic molecule that can supplement or attach to the active site so the substrate can fit
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coenzyme
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enzyme that removes atoms without water
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lyase
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the competitive inhibitor bonds with the
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active site
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glucose to pyruvic acid, glucose to CO2 and water, fats(lipid) to fatty acids and glycerol can be describe by
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catabolic-lg. molecule breaks down to sm. molecules
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who coin the word "cell"
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Hook
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the first microscope was used by
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Janssen
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Roman culture did what?
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developed sewer system, developed tech. in food perservation, constructed aquaducts
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Greeks culture did what
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promoted boiling of water,
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Egyptian culture did what
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developed applications of chemotherapy,
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Hebrew culture did what
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developed isolation of sick people,
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who developed scientific nomenclature
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Linneaus
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The big bang occured about
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15 billion years ago
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bacteria and other microorganisms have the ability to
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ferment a variety of products like acetone, play a role as decomposers, play a role in production of a variety of foods, make drugs like insulin
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study of fungi is called
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mycolgy
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metabolism
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sum of the chemical reactions in an organism all the chemical reactions in the cell
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anabolic
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small molecule becomes a large molecule uses energy
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hydolysis
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involves breaking up water bond
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phosphorylation
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addition of a phosphate to a chemical compound
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carboxylation
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addition of a CO2
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decarboxylation
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removal of a CO2
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enzymes
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speed up the chemical reaction lowering the amt.of energy
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product
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unchanged enzyme
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coenzymes
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non protein, organic molecules derived from vitamins, allow an awkward substate to fit into an active site
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NAD, NADP, FAD, CoA are examples of
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coezymes
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ligase
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joining of molecules uses ATP building RNA, DNA, and req. energy
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metabolic pathway
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series of biochemical reaction each catalysis by a enzyme
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phosphorylation of ADP generated by
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ATP
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Entner-Doudoroff pathway
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Pseudomoas, Rhizobium, Agrobacteria, bacteria don't have the energy to make glycose, produce one ATP, will have 2 Pyruvic acid
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metabolic pathway
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occurs in the cytoplasm, end product is 2 Pyruvic acid, no oxygen, net of 2 ATP's
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operates simultaneously with glycolysis and provided a means for the breakdown of pentose glucose, nucleic acid, carbonioxide, certain amino acid, certain amino acids
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Pentose phosphate pathway
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biosythesis
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small molecule converts to a large molecule, another term for anabolism
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oxidative-phosporlylation
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the process by which ATP is formed through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that occur during the final phase of respiration
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glycosis takes place in
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cytoplasm
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2 pyruvate acid=
1 glucose= |
1 ATP
36 ATP's |
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NADH=
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3 ATP's
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electron transport chain or ETC
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found in the inner membrane of michodrial or inner membrane of bacteria, cytochomes and FMN are going to carry electrons
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Krebs cycle generates
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NADH and FADH2
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no oxygen, a bunch of NADH's and FADH2 will build up and the NADH will act as a noncopetive inhibitor and shut down the Krebs cycle leaving only Pyrvic acid and the glycolysis will give up the Pyrvic acid
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fermentation
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fermentation
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Pyruvic acid---------->Lactic acid, NADH is oxidized and Pyruvic acid is reduced.
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found the right temp. to kill the bad microbe so wine won't spoil, saved the wine Industry in France, believed another silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan, came up with the treatment of rabies, cholera vaccine, showed microbes in the air can spoil food and cause animal diseases
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Pasteur
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showed that a silkworm disease was caused by a fungus.
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Bassi
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rule to wash hands with a lime solution
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Semmelweis
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phenol was sprayed as a disinfective on bandages
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Lister
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discovered causes of cholera, TB, a specific microbe causes a specific disease, isolation technique, anthrax, use a agar stain isolation
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Koch
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