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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Microscopic
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Too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope.
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Macroscopic
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Large enough to be perceived or examined by the unaided eye.
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Immunology
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the branch of biomedicine concerned with the structure and function of the immune system.
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Biotechnology
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The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes
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Eukaryotic
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A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus
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Host
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The animal or plant on which or in which another organism lives
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Nomenclature
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The procedure of assigning names to the kinds and groups of organisms listed in a taxonomic classification
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Epidemiolgy
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the scientific and medical study of the causes and transmission of disease within a population
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Prokaryotic
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An organism of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. Also called moneran.
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Parasite
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An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host
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Taxonomy
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The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships
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Matter
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Something that has mass and exists as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma
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Atom
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A unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element, having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons
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Proton
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a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron
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Neutron
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an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus
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Electron
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an elementary particle with negative charge
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Element
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A substance composed of atoms having an identical number of protons in each nucleus. Elements cannot be reduced to simpler substances by normal chemical means
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Compound
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A pure, macroscopically homogeneous substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in definite proportions that cannot be separated by physical means
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Chemical bond
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Any of several forces or mechanisms, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal
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Covalent Bond
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A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms
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Nonpolar
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consisting of molecules not having a dipole
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Polar
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Relating to or characterized by a dipole: a polar molecule. Ionizing when dissolved or fused: polar bonds or linkages
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Ionic bond
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a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion
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Ion
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An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons
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Cation
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An ion or group of ions having a positive charge and characteristically moving toward the negative electrode in electrolysis
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Anion
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A negatively charged ion, especially the ion that migrates to an anode in electrolysis
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Electrolyte
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A chemical compound that ionizes when dissolved or molten to produce an electrically conductive medium
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Hydrogen bond
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A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom, usually of another molecule
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Reactant
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A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the start of the reaction
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Product
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A substance resulting from a chemical reaction
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Product
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A substance resulting from a chemical reaction
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Decomposition
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Separation into constituents by chemical reaction
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Reaction
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A change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with other substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances
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Solution
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A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these
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Solute
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A substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount
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Solvent
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Capable of dissolving another substance
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Molecule
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The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces
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Inoculum
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a substance (a virus or toxin or immune serum) that is introduced into the body to produce or increase immunity to a particular disease.
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Medium/media-
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A surrounding environment in which something functions and thrives
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Pure culture
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a culture containing a growth of a single kind of organism free from other organisms
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Mixed culture
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a culture containing a growth of multiple organisms
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Culture
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The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium
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Fastidious
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having complex nutritional requirements <fastidious microorganisms> used of bacteria that grow only in specially fortified artificial culture media
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Incubation
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The maintenance of controlled environmental conditions for the purpose of favoring the growth or development of microbial or tissue cultures
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Smear
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A sample, as of blood or bacterial cells, spread on a slide for microscopic examination or on the surface of a culture medium
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Field
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The usually circular area in which the image is rendered by the lens system of an optical instrument
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Colony
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A visible growth of microorganisms, usually in a solid or semisolid nutrient medium.
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Synthetic media
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chemically defined media with an exact formula content
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Complex media/nonsynthetic
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contains at least one ingredient which is not chmically definable
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Enriched media
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contains complex organic substances such as blood, serum or special growth factors
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Selective media
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A media that encourages specific microorganism growth
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Differential Media
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Grow several types of microorganisms and are designed to display visible differences among those organisms
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Who developed Microscopy and the Scientific method?
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Leeuwenhoek
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Who is the father of Immunology and developed the Theory of Biogenesis?
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Pasteur
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Semmelweis
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Handwashing prevents the spread of disease
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Lister
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Aseptic surgery
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Koch
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Pure culture techniques, Koch's Postulates
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linnaeus
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Taxonomy
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