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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe base analogs
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Structurally similar to nitrogenous bases and can be incorporated in the growing polynucleotide chains during replication
- Cause point mutations - Example = 5-BROMOURACIL |
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Describe frame-shift mutation
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Insertion = A mutation in which new DNA is added
- Deletion = A mutation in which a region of DNA has been eliminated |
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The effect of mutations on proteins depends on:
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type of mutation
point of mutation |
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Describe Reverse mutation
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A second mutation that makes the mutant appear to be a wild-type organism again
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Describe neutral mutation
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If the resulting triplet codes for a different but functionally equivalent amino acid, the mutation is said to be
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Describe Spontaneous mutations
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Result from DNA REPLICATION ERRORS
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Describe Induced mutations
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Result from EXTERNAL AGENTS
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Point mutation involves:
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base substitutions
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Describe point mutation at the DNA level
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Transition = A mutation in which a purine is replaced by another purine or a pyramidine is replaced by another pyrimidine - Transversion = A mutation in which a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa
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Describe point mutation at the protein level
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- Silent mutation = The resulting triplet codes for the same amino acid
AAA (Lysine) --> AAG (Lysine) - Missense mutation = The resulting triplet codes for a different amino acid AAA (Lysine) --> GAA (Glutamic acid) - Nonsense mutation = The resulting triplet codes for a stop codon AAA (Lysine) --> TAA (Stop Codon) |
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Describe base modifiers
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Change a base’s structure and thus alters its base-pairing properties
- Cause point mutations - Example = Nitrous acid |
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Describe intercalating agents
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Planar molecules that insert themselves between the stacked bases
Cause frame-shift mutations Example= Ethidium bromide |
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Describe transposons
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DNA elements that have the ability to move from one site of the genome to another
Cause HUGE frame-shift mutations |
