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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Axial Filaments
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A type of flagellum that lies in the periplasmic space of spirochetes & is responsible for locomotion
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Bacilli
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bacterial cell shape that is cylandrical
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cell wall
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made of peptidoglycan
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chromosomes
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tightly coiled bodies in cells that r primary site of genes
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Cocci
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a spherical shaped bacterial rod
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Coccobacilli
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an elongated coccus, a short thick, oval-shaped bacterial rod
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Diplocci
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spherical or oval shaped bacteria typically found in pairs
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endospore
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a small, dormant, resistant derivative of a bacterial cell that germinates under favorable growth conditions into a vegetative cell.genera Bacillus & Clostridium are typical sporeformers.
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fimbriae
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a short, numerous surface appendage on some bacteria that provides adhesion but not locomotion
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flagellum
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a structure that is used to propel the organism through a fluid environment
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Nucleoid
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The basophilic nuclear region or nuclear body that contains the bacterial chromosome
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Palisades
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the characteristic arrangement of Corynebacterium cells resembling a row of fence posts and created by snapping.
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Plasmids
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Extrachromosal genetic unit characterized by several features. A plasmid is a double-stranded DNA that is smaller than & replicates independently of the cell chromosome; it bears genes tht r nt esssential 4 cell growth it cn bear genes tht code 4 adaptive traits; & it is transmissible to other bacteria
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pleomorphic (pleomorphism)
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Normal variability of cell shapes in a single species
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Procaryotic
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Small cells, lacking special structures such as a nucleus & organelles. all procaryotes are microorganisms
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Ribosomes
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Abilobed macromolecular complex of ribonucleoprotein that coordinates the codons of mRNA w tRNA anticodons & in so doing constitutes the peptide assembly site
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Rikettsias
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Medically important family of bacteria, commonly carried by ticks, lice & and fleas. Significant cause of important emerging diseases
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Sarcina
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a cubical packer of 8, 16 or more cells; the cellular arrangement of the genus Sarcina in the family Micrococcaceae
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Spirilla
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A type of bacterial cell w/ a rigid spiral shape & external flagella
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Spriochetes
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a coiled. spiral-shaped bacterium that has endoflagella & flexes as it moves
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tetrads
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groups of 4
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vibrios
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a curved rod shaped bacterial cell
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Identify elements of procaryotic cells
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external- appendages, flagella, pili, fimbriae glycocalyx capsule, slime layer. unternak, cytoplsm,ribosm,inclusions, nucleoid/chromosoms, actin cytoskeleton, endospore, cell envelope, outer membrane, cell wall, cell membrane
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discuss bacterial motility & adhesion
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is w/the flagellum which is used to self propel, freely thrgh an aqueous habitat. pilus r for attachment & mating, enable conjugation, transfer of DNA fimbriae r smaller than flagella & are iumportant for attachment
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Identify genetic material in bacterial cells
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Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA. ribonucleic RNA, Ribosomes. ( also in cytoplasm)
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Discuss endospore
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During nutrient depleted conditions some bacteria (vegetative cell) form into a endospore in order to survive. nt exactly alive. form whn bacteria is threatened.
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What is actin
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a protein fiber(cytoskeleton) present in some bacteria & is involved in maintaining cell shape
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Inclusion Bodies
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enable a cell to store nutrients and to survive nutrient depleted environments
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L-forms
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mutations can cause some bacteria to lose the ability to synthesize the cell wall and thy r called l-forms
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porins
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is a channel
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slime layer
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is sticky, alolows bacteria to stick to other parts of your body and a safety mechanism to survive
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cytoplasm
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it is the sire for cell metabolim
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What are the cell shapes
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Coccus, rod or bacillus, cell arrangements, cell size. you can tell what family by the size & shape
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In regards to bacterial cell wall
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gram-negative bacteria the envelope consists of an outer membrane cell wall & cell membrane, in gram neg, only have cell wall & cell membrane
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Discuss classification
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phenotypic is the old way based on humans, what it looks like. molecular method DNA structure, mk pure culture in computer assisted program can see the DNA & match 2 a reference easily.
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unique groups of bacteria
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intracellular parasites, photsynthetic bacteria, green & purple sulfur bacteria, gliding & fruiting bacteria (grow antenae), Archaea bacteria
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Archaea bacteria
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Associated with extreme environments, contain unique cell walls, contain unique internal structures
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Eubacteria
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considered true bacteria
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Key terms
1 spirochete 2 gram stain +/- 3 strep 4 staph |
1 common syphillis
2 gram r dead cuz you heated, help determine antibiotic 3 is coccus is positive 4 is cocus gram+ |
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Shapes of coccus
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diplococci, tetrads, sarcinae, cocci in chains, cocci in clusters
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types of rod or bacilus
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pili-shaped rods, cocco bacilli, irregular rods, palisades arrangement, spore-forming rods, filamentous rods
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types of spiral forms
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sprillum rigid helix/spirochete flexible helix, vibrios (curved rods)
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bergey's manual
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organizes the kingdom Procaryotae in to 4 major division. Gracilicutes, firmicutes, tenericutes
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