Microbiology Chapter 3 Pt 1

Front 1

Morphology

Back 1

Size, shape, structure

Front 2

cocci

Back 2

spherical or ball-shaped

Front 3

Bacilli

Back 3

rod shaped or cylindrical

Front 4

Spiral

Back 4

cork-screw shaped

Front 5

Diplococci

Back 5

two stuck together

Front 6

Streptococcus

Back 6

a chain of cocci

Front 7

Staphylococcus

Back 7

cocci in grape-like clusters

Front 8

Coccobacilli

Back 8

almost as wide as long

Front 9

Vibrios

Back 9

curved rods, comma-shaped

Front 10

Spiral Bacteria

Back 10

cork-screw shaped

Front 11

Spirilla

Back 11

Wave-like, rigid bodies, move by flagella

Front 12

Spirochetes

Back 12

slinky-like, flexible bodies, axial filaments

Front 13

Pleomorphic

Back 13

Organisms that change shape

Front 14

mycelium

Back 14

network of long, multinucleate filaments

Front 15

Back 15

Front 16

Back 16

Front 17

Procaryotic Cell Membranes

Back 17

1) Phospholipid bilayer

2) hydrophilic surfaces

3) hydrophobic interior

4) amphipathic

5) fluid mosaic model

6) symmetric, flexible, and dynamic

7) separates the cell from environment

8) serves as selectively permeable membrane 9) location of metabolic processes

10) contains receptors

Front 18

Bacterial Membranes

Back 18

lack sterols

Front 19

Archaeal Membranes

Back 19

have a monolayer instead of a bilayer

Front 20

Macroelements/ macronutrients

Back 20

MgK CaFe for Nice CHOPS

Front 21

Micronutrients/ trace elements

Back 21

Mn, Zn, Co, Mo, Ni, Cu

Front 22

autotrophs

Back 22

use carbon dioxide as their sole or principal carbon source

Front 23

heterotrophs

Back 23

use organic molecules as carbon source

Front 24

Important molecules for synthesis

Back 24

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfure

Front 25

amino acids

Back 25

needed for protein synthesis

Front 26

purines and pyrimidines

Back 26

needed for nucleic acid synthesis

Front 27

vitamins

Back 27

function as enzyme cofactors

Front 28

Facilitated Diffusion & Active Transport

Back 28

all microorganisms

Front 29

Group translocation

Back 29

Bacteria and Archaea

Front 30

Endocytosis

Back 30

Eukarya only

Front 31

Passive diffusion

Back 31

Molecules move from region of higher concentration to lower concentration

Front 32

Comparison of Facilitated Diffusion and Passive Diffusion

Back 32

-High to Low

-NOT energy-dependent

-Size of concentration gradient impacts rate of uptake

Front 33

Contrasting Facilitated Diffusion and Passive Diffusion

Back 33

-Facilitated uses carrier molecules (permeases) or protein channels

-smaller concentration gradient required

-effectively transports glycerol, sugars, and amino acids

-more prominent in eucaryotic than procaryotic cells

Front 34

Active Transport

Back 34

-Energy-dependent (ATP)

-moves molecules against the gradient

-concentrates molecules inside cell

-involves carrier proteins (permeases)

Front 35

Primary Active Transport

Back 35

ATP (ABC transporter)

Front 36

Secondary Active Transport

Back 36

Proton Motive Force (PMF)

or other ion gradient

Front 37

Group Translocation

Back 37

-High energy metabolic pathway intermediate is used

-molecules are modified as they are transported across the membrane

-energy dependent

Front 38

ABC transporters

Back 38

-ATP binding

-observed in bacteria, archaea, and eucaryotes

Front 39

Iron Uptake

Back 39

-Ferric iron - insoluble

-Microorganisms use siderophores to aid uptake

-siderophore complexes with ferric ion

-complex is transported into cell

(siderophores bind to iron then enter cell)

Front 40

Cytoplasmic Matrix

Back 40

-substance between membrane and nucleoid

-packed with ribosomes and inclusion bodies

-CM of bacteria lacks a true cytoskeleton

Front 41

Inclusion Bodies

Back 41

-granules of organic or inorganic material that are stockpiled by the cell for future use

-some not bounded by a membrane, others are enclosed by a single-layered membrane

Front 42

Gas cavuoles

Back 42

a type of inclusion body found in cyanobacteria and other aquatic forms

Front 43

Magnetosomes

Back 43

a type of inclusion body that contains iron in the form of magnetite

Front 44

Ribosomes

Back 44

-complex structures consisting of protein and RNA

-responsible for synthesis of cellular proteins

-procaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eucaryotic ribosomes

Front 45

Protin Synthesis: Matrix Ribsomes

Back 45

Protein remains within the cell

Front 46

Protein Synthesis: PM Ribosomes

Back 46

Proteins for transport

Front 47

Nucleoid

Back 47

-Irregularly shaped region, where chromosome of procaryote is found

-contains a single circular chromosome

-some have more than one chromosome/linear chromosomes

-Not bounded by a membrane

-associated with plasma membrane or mesosomes

Front 48

Plasmids

Back 48

-small, closed, circular DNA molecules

-can replicate independently

-not required for bacterial growth and reproduction

-may carry genes that give bacterium a selective advantage

Front 49

Fertility Plasmids

Back 49

capable of conjugation, contain genes for the pili

Front 50

Resistance plasmids

Back 50

contain genes that can build resistance against one or several antibiotics or poisons

Front 51

Col-plasmids

Back 51

Contain genes coding for colicines proteins that can kill other bacteria

Front 52

Degradative plasmids

Back 52

Able to digest unusual substances (toluene or salicylic acid_

Front 53

Virulence plasmids

Back 53

Turn a bacterium into a pathogen