Microbiology Chapter 12

Front 1

Which of the following scientists proposed a four-kingdom system of taxonomy for the classification of eukaryotes?

Back 1

Whittaker

Front 2

Which of the following kingdoms contains eukaryotic microbes?
Monera and Protista
Protista
Animalia
Monera

Back 2

Protista

Front 3

The protozoa are noted for which of the following?

nucleus
cell wall
locomotive structures
chloroplasts

Back 3

locomotive structures

Front 4

All of the following describe fungi EXCEPT:

They can be classified morphologically as yeasts or molds.
They are non-photosynthetic.
They have cell walls.
They have no nuclear membrane.

Back 4

They have no nuclear membrane.

Front 5

Replication of an organism's genetic material is a central part of which of the following life processes?

responsiveness
metabolism
reproduction
growth

Back 5

reproduction

Front 6

An organism that can live and grow in the presence OR absence of oxygen is a(n)

aerotolerant anaerobe.
facultative anaerobe.
obligate aerobe.
obligate anaerobe.

Back 6

facultative anaerobe

Front 7

A chemoheterotroph gets its energy from __________ and uses __________ forms of carbon.

light; organic
chemicals; organic
light; inorganic
chemicals; inorganic

Back 7

chemicals; organic

Front 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of algae?
they are found in both marine and freshwater habitats
they obtain nutrients via photosynthesis
they are composed of eukaryotic cells
they exist only in unicellular forms

Back 8

they exist only in unicellular forms

Front 9

Which of the following photosynthetic pigments is used by a wide variety of organisms, including green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria?

bacteriochlorophyll
chlorophyll b
chlorophyll a
bacteriochlorophyll and chlorophyll a

Back 9

chlorophyll a

Front 10

Agar is derived from the cell walls of which of the following?

fungi
algae
protozoa
bacteria

Back 10

algae

Front 11

Neurospora is a fungus that has played a role in which of the following areas of application?
industrial fermentation
genetics research
bioremediation techniques
antibiotic production

Back 11

genetics research

Front 12

Water molds were once classified as fungi on the basis of which of the following characteristics?
ability to degrade and absorb organic compounds
presence of a nucleus
filamentous growth
cell walls containing chitin

Back 12

filamentous growth

In spite of their filamentous growth, water molds are not true molds; they differ from the true fungi chemically, metabolically, and morphologically.

Front 13

Microbiologists study parasitic helminths because these organisms ....
have microscopic infective and diagnostic life stages.
have cell walls that are similar to those of other microbes.
produce spores similar to many bacteria.
are about the same size as bacteria in their adult forms.

Back 13

have microscopic infective and diagnostic life stages

Front 14

Genetic material would NOT be found in which of the following locations inside a eukaryotic cell?
chloroplast
mitochondrion
Golgi body
nucleus

Back 14

Golgi body

In eukaryotic cells, genetic material of varying types can be found in the nucleus and mitochondria. Chloroplasts, present only in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells, also contain genetic material.

Front 15

Carolus Linnaeus was the scientist responsible for the foundations of
the germ theory.
modern taxonomy.
epidemiology.
genetics.

Back 15

modern taxonomy.

Front 16

In the taxonomy of plants and fungi, the division is a taxon equivalent to which of the following?
kingdom
genus
phylum
species

Back 16

phylum

"Division" is a taxon used to classify plants and fungi at the same taxonomic level that a zoologist would call a "phylum."

Front 17

Which of the following is NOT a locomotive structure found in protozoa?

cilia
fimbriae
flagella
pseudopodia

Back 17

fimbriae

Front 18

Conjugation as a microbial process involves the transfer of which of the following?

enzymes
ribosomes
genetic material
inclusions

Back 18

genetic material

Front 19

The formation of spores by fungi is a part of which of the following processes? .

responsiveness
metabolism
reproduction
growth

Back 19

reproduction

Formation of either sexual or asexual spores is a primary reproductive strategy in most fungi.

Front 20

Arachnids have __________ pairs of legs as adults.

Back 20

four

Front 21

Free-living microbes that are the foundation of aquatic food chains are called _____

Back 21

plankton

Front 22

All of the following are characteristics of amoebae EXCEPT:

movement by pseudopodia.
most are nonpathogenic to humans.
bioluminescence.
some have protein or silica shells.

Back 22

bioluminescence.

Front 23

Derived from certain types of algae, diatomaceous earth is a product used as a thickening agent in food.

True or False

Back 23

False


Diatomaceous earth is an abrasive substance used in a variety of industrial products such as polishing compounds and detergents.

Front 24

All of the following terms are associated with sexual reproduction EXCEPT:

gamete.
schizont.
zygote.
meiosis.

Back 24

schizont.

A schizont is a multinucleate cell resulting from asexual reproduction.

Front 25

The protozoan Plasmodium reproduces using a unique method of asexual reproduction called ______

Back 25

schizogony

Front 26

All of the following groups of protozoa have names related to their form of locomotion EXCEPT:

apicomplexans.
dinoflagellates.
amoebae.
ciliates.

Back 26

apicomplexans.

Front 27

Cells duplicate their DNA during

anaphase.
prophase.
telophase.
interphase.

Back 27

interphase.

Telophase, prophase, and anaphase are all stages of mitosis. Cells duplicate their DNA during interphase, the time between cell divisions.

Front 28

Cytokinesis can occur separately from mitosis.
True
False

Back 28

True


Cytokinesis refers solely to division of the cytoplasm, which may or may not occur after division of the nucleus.

Front 29

Meiosis produces

four diploid nuclei.
two haploid nuclei.
four haploid nuclei.
two diploid nuclei.

Back 29

four haploid nuclei.

Meiosis produces four haploid nuclei from a single diploid nucleus

Front 30

Instead of phylum, the term _____ is used in the broad classification of fungi and algae.

Back 30

division

Front 31

During which of the following stages of mitosis do chromosomes consist of two chromatids?

prophase and metaphase
prophase and telophase
metaphase and anaphase
anaphase and telophase

Back 31

prophase and metaphase

During prophase and metaphase, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids; after their separation in anaphase, each sister chromatid is a unique chromosome.

Front 32

Dinoflagellates are classified as a type of protozoa based on the presence of __________ in their cells.

a cellulose cell wall
starch
photosynthetic pigments
alveoli

Back 32

alveoli

Although they were historically classified as algae, dinoflagellates are now classified as protozoa on the basis of their 18S rRNA sequences and the presence of alveoli in their cells.

Front 33

During fungal sexual reproduction, a specialized type of cell called a dikaryon is formed.
True
False

Back 33

True


Even though this cell contains two sets of chromosomes, and is therefore technically diploid, it is not characterized as being diploid or haploid.

Front 34

Which of the following events does NOT happen during conjugation?

fusion of haploid macronuclei
disintegration of the macronucleus
exchange of micronuclei between cells
formation of a new macronucleus from micronuclei

Back 34

fusion of haploid macronuclei

Fusion occurs between haploid micronuclei, not macronuclei.

Front 35

A special group of Euglenozoa called _____ is named after unique regions of mitochondrial DNA located in their single large mitochondrion.

Back 35

kinetoplastids

Front 36

Which of the following stages is responsible for generating the genetic variation associated with meiosis?

prophase II
anaphase II
metaphase II
prophase I

Back 36

prophase I

Crossing over, also known as recombination, occurs during the first stage of meiosis, prophase I.

Front 37

Mechanical vectors are arthropods that serve as hosts for microbial pathogens.
True
False

Back 37

False


Biological vectors serve as hosts for pathogens; mechanical vectors merely carry pathogens.

Front 38

Which of the following groups of protozoa contains members capable of producing neurotoxins?

kinetoplastids
ciliates
euglenids
dinoflagellates

Back 38

dinoflagellates

Front 39

There are no clear boundaries between the four phases of mitosis.
True
False

Back 39

True


Although there are clear distinctions between the four phases of mitosis, there are no boundaries between them; the cell progresses from one phase to the next in a seamless manner.

Front 40

During _____ of mitosis, sister chromatids are separated and move toward the poles of the cell.

Back 40

anaphase

Front 41

All of the following terms are associated with sexual reproduction EXCEPT:

schizont.
zygote.
meiosis.
gamete.

Back 41

schizont.

A schizont is a multinucleate cell resulting from asexual reproduction.

Front 42

Cells duplicate their DNA during

telophase.
prophase.
interphase.
anaphase.

Back 42

interphase.

Telophase, prophase, and anaphase are all stages of mitosis. Cells duplicate their DNA during interphase, the time between cell divisions.

Front 43

During which of the following stages of mitosis do chromosomes consist of two chromatids?

metaphase and anaphase
prophase and metaphase
anaphase and telophase
prophase and telophase

Back 43

prophase and metaphase

During prophase and metaphase, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids; after their separation in anaphase, each sister chromatid is a unique chromosome.

Front 44

Which of the following events does NOT happen during conjugation?

fusion of haploid macronuclei
exchange of micronuclei between cells
disintegration of the macronucleus
formation of a new macronucleus from micronuclei

Back 44

fusion of haploid macronuclei

Front 45

Which of the following stages is responsible for generating the genetic variation associated with meiosis?

prophase II
anaphase II
prophase I
metaphase II

Back 45

prophase I

Crossing over, also known as recombination, occurs during the first stage of meiosis, prophase I.

Front 46

Meiosis produces

four diploid nuclei.
two haploid nuclei.
four haploid nuclei.
two diploid nuclei.

Back 46

four haploid nuclei.

Meiosis produces four haploid nuclei from a single diploid nucleus

Front 47

Dinoflagellates are classified as a type of protozoa based on the presence of __________ in their cells.

a cellulose cell wall
starch
photosynthetic pigments
alveoli

Back 47

alveoli

Although they were historically classified as algae, dinoflagellates are now classified as protozoa on the basis of their 18S rRNA sequences and the presence of alveoli in their cells.

Front 48

All of the following groups of protozoa have names related to their form of locomotion EXCEPT:

dinoflagellates.
amoebae.
ciliates.
apicomplexans.

Back 48

apicomplexans.

Front 49

Which of the following groups of protozoa contains members capable of producing neurotoxins?

ciliates
dinoflagellates
euglenids
kinetoplastids

Back 49

dinoflagellates

Front 50

All of the following are characteristics of amoebae EXCEPT:

movement by pseudopodia.
some have protein or silica shells.
most are nonpathogenic to humans.
bioluminescence.

Back 50

bioluminescence.

Front 51

Which of the following structures is associated only with pathogenic fungi?

a thallus
haustoria
a mycelium
a sporangium

Back 51

haustoria

This term refers to a type of reproductive structure found in certain kinds of fungi

Front 52

Microsporidia belong to which of the following groups?

division Basidiomycota
division Deuteromycota
division Ascomycota
division Zygomycota

Back 52

division Zygomycota

Front 53

Mushrooms belong to which of the following groups?

division Basidiomycota
division Ascomycota
division Zygomycota
division Deuteromycota

Back 53

division Basidiomycota

The division Basidiomycota includes mushrooms as well as puffballs and bracket fungi

Front 54

Which group of algae is most similar to plants in terms of their cell wall composition and chlorophyll?

Chrysophyta
Chlorophyta
Rhodophyta
Phaeophyta

Back 54

Chlorophyta

Front 55

Which group of algae produces alginic acid, a substance often used as a thickening agent?

Chlorophyta
Rhodophyta
Chrysophyta
Phaeophyta

Back 55

Phaeophyta

Front 56

The slime molds were once thought to be a type of __________ but now they are classified as a type of __________.

fungus; algae
algae; fungus
fungus; protozoan
protozoan; fungus

Back 56

fungus; protozoan

Front 57

What is the stimulus for the reproduction of a plasmodial slime mold?

presence of other slime molds
presence of water
darkness
absence of water or food

Back 57

absence of water or food

Front 58

The most important arthropod vector of disease is the

fly.
louse.
mosquito.
tick.

Back 58

mosquito.
These is a disease vector, but female mosquitoes, because they feed on blood, transmit a wide variety of serious diseases.

Front 59

Which of the following groups of protozoa is thought to have descended from eukaryotes that lost their organelles?

Alveolates
Diplomonadida
Amoebozoa
Euglenozoa

Back 59

Diplomonadida

The members of the Diplomonadida lack true mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and peroxisomes

Front 60

Which of the following is NOT classified as an insect vector?

mosquitoes
lice
fleas
mites

Back 60

mites

Fleas, lice, and mosquitoes are all examples of insect vectors, while mites are a type of arachnid vector.