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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
sterilization
Sterilization: the destruction of all microbial life
disinfection
Disinfection: destroys most microbial life, reducing contamination on inanimate surfaces
antisepsis
Antisepsis: destroys most microbial life, reducing contamination on a living surface (think tissues)
decontamination
Decontamination: the mechanical removal of most microbes from an animate or inanimate surface
sterilization is mostly performed with _____
heat
disinfection does not destroY ______ _____

but it does destroy _____ and removes _______
bacterial endospores

vegetative pathogens

toxins
what can you use for reliable disinfection
5% bleach solution

The use of a physical process or chemical agent (disinfectant) to destroy vegetative pathogens
sepsis
Sepsis: the growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues
asepsis
Asepsis: any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues
antisepsis is the use of _______ applied directly to _______ ________ _______
antiseptics
exposed body surfaces
chemical that destroys bacteria (not endospores)
bactericide
a chemical that can kill fungal spores, hyphae, and yeasts
fungicide
a chemical that inactivates viruses
virucide
can destroy bacterial endospores
sporicide
chemical agents that kill microorganisms
Germicide and microbicide
prevent the growth of bacteria
bacteristatic
inhibit fungal growth
fungistatic
materials used to control microorganisms in the body, for example
microbistatic
when is decontamination used?
Used when actual sterilization isn’t needed but need to decrease the risk of infection or spoilage (ex. food industry)
any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms to reduce contamination to safe levels
sanitization
may not be free from microbes but are safe for normal use
sanitary
reduces the numbers of microbes on the human skin (ex. alcohol wipes)
degermation
compound such as soap or detergent that sanitizes
sanitizer
Practical Concerns in Microbial Control
Does the application require sterilization, or is disinfection adequate?
Is the item to be reused or permanently discarded?
If it will be reused, can it withstand heat, pressure, radiation, or chemicals?
Is the control method suitable for a given application?
Will the agent penetrate to the necessary extent?
Is the method cost- and labor-efficient, and is it safe?
**
**
Factors that Influence the Action of Antimicrobial Agents
The number of microorganisms
The nature of the microorganisms in the population
The temperature and pH of the environment
The concentration of the agent
The mode of action of the agent
The presence of solvents, interfering organic matter, and inhibitors
**
**
against what parts of the microbes do antimicrobial agents work?
the cell wall
the cell membrane
protein synthesis
how do antimicrobial agents affect the cell wall when that is its target?
Block its synthesis
Digest it
Break down its surface
The cell becomes fragile and is lysed easily
how do antimicrobial agents affect the cell membrane when that is its target?
Surfactants
Membrane synthesis inhibitors (Triclosan)
how do surfactants work?
the surfactant molecules break apart the membrane lipids
how do antimicrobials affect protein and nucleic acid synthesis
Binding to ribosomes to stop translation
Bind irreversibly to DNA preventing transcription and translation
Mutagenic agents