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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Archaea |
Domain prokaryotic cells lacking peptidoglycan; one of the three domains |
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Serology |
Branch of immunology that studies blood serum and antigen-antibody reactions in vitro |
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Transport vesicle |
Membrane-bound sacs that moe proteins from the rough ER to Golgi complex |
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DNA base composition |
Moles-percentage of guanine plus cytosine in an organism's DNA |
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Protist |
Term used for unicellular and simple multicellular eukaryots; usually protozoa and algae |
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Gram-negative bacteria |
Bacteria lose crystal violet after decolorzing by alcohol; stain red after treatment with safranin |
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Slide agglutination test |
Method of identifying an antigen by combining it with a specific antibody on a slide |
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Prokaryotic species |
Population of cells that share certain rRNA sequences; conventional biochemical testing, it is population of cells with similar characteristics |
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Binomial nomenclature |
System of having two names genus and specific epithet for each organism; also called scientific nomenclature |
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T CELL |
Lymphocyte which develops from stem cell processed in thymus gland, responsible for cell mediated immunity |
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Nucleic acid hybridization |
Process of combining single complementary strands of DNA |
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Cladogram |
Dichotomous phylogenetic tree branches repeatedly, suggests classification of organism based on time sequene which evolution branches arose |
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Molecular clock |
An evolution timeline based on nucleotide sequences in organisms |
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Extremophile |
Microorganism lives in extremes of temperature, acidity, alkalinity, salinity, or pressure |
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Phylum |
Taxonomic classification between kingdom and class |
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Phylogeny |
Evolutionary history of group organisms; phylogenetic relationships are evolutionary relationships |
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Green sulfur bacteria |
Gram negative, nonproteobacteria; strictly anaerobic and phototrophic; no growth in dark; use reduced sulfur compounds as electron donors for CO2 fixation |
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Reticulate body |
Intracellular growing stage of chlamydiae |
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Systemic anaphylaxis |
Hypersensitivity reaction causing vasodilation and resulting in shock; also called anaphylactic shock |
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Western blotting |
Technique uses antibodies to detect the presence of specific proteins separated by electrophoresis |
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Whey |
Fluid portion of milk that separates from curd |
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Plantae |
Kingdom composed of muticellular eukaryotes with cellulose cell walls |
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Rapid identification method |
Bacterial identification tools that perform several biochemical tests simultaneously |
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FISH |
Fluorescent in sitsu hybridization; use of rRNA probes to identify microbes without cutturing |
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Eukarya |
All eukaryotes animals, plants, fungi, and protists; members the domain Eukarya |
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Taxa |
Subdivsions used to classify organisms, domain, kingdom, phylum |
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Serovar |
Variation within species called serotype |
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Elementary body |
Infectious form of chlamydiae |
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Flow cytometry |
Method of counting cells using flow cytometer, which detects cells by the presence of fluorescent tag on cell surface |
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Strain |
Genetically different cells within a clone |
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Axial filament |
Structure for motility found in spirochetes; also called endoflagellum |
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Order |
Taxonomic classification between class and family |
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Antiserum |
Blood derived fluid containing antibodies |
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Purple sulfur bacteria |
Gammaproteobacteria; strictly anaerobic and phototrophic; use reduced sulfur compounds as electron donors for CO2 fixation |
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Proteobacteria |
Gram negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria possess a signature rRNA sequence |
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Species |
Most specific level in taxonomic hierarch |
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Nanobacteria |
Hypothesized bacteria below the generally accepted lower limit diameter about 200nm for bacteria |
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Taxis |
Movement in response to an environment stimulus |
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FAME |
Fatty acid methyl ester; indentification of microbes by the presence of specific fatty acids |
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Ribotyping |
Classification or identificationof bacteria based on rRNA genes |
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Enterotoxin |
Exotoxin causing gastroenteritis such as those produced by Staphylococcus, Vibrio, and Escherichia. |
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Biovar |
Subgroup of a serovar based on biochemical or physiological properties also called biotype |
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Staphycocci |
Cocci in a grapelike cluster |
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Clade |
Group of organism share particular common ancestor; a branch on a cladogram |
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Gastroenteritis |
Inflammation of stomach and intestine |
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Granuloma |
Lump inflamed tissue containing macrophages |
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Vibrio |
Curved or comma shaped bacterium ehen written as genus Vibrio, gram negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic curved rod |
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Phage typing |
Method of identifying bacteria using specific strains of bacteriophages |
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Family |
Taxonomic group between order and genus |
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Animalia |
Kingdom composed of multicellular eukaryotes lacking cell walls |
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Domain |
Taxonomic classification based on rRNA sequence; above the kingdom level |
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Viremia |
Presence of viruses in the blood |
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Nucleic acid |
Macromolecule consisting of nucleotides; DNA and RNA are nucleic acids |
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Prostheca |
Stalk or bud protruding from a prokaryotic cell |
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Dichotomous key |
Identification scheme based on successive paired questions; until an organism is identified |
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Southern blotting |
Technique using DNA probes to detect presence of specific DNA in restriction fragments separated by electrophoresis |
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agglutination |
Joining together or clumping of cells |
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Streptococci |
Cocci that remains attached as chains after cell division when written as a genus refers to gram positive catalase negative bacteria |
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Fungus |
Organism that belongs to the Kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic absorptive chemoheterotroph |
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Heterocyst |
Large cell in certain cyanobacteria; site of nitrogen fixation |
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Serological testing |
Techniques for identifying a microorganism based on its reaction with antibodies |
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Numerical identification |
Bacterial identification schemes in which test values are assigned a number |
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Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) |
Test to identify an organism without culturing by making copies amplifying nucleic acid sequences that are specific for the organism being detected |
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Purple nonsulfur bacteria |
Alphaproteobacteria; strictly anaerobic and phototrophic; grow on yeast extract in dark; use reduced organic compounds as electron donors for CO2 fixation |
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Eukaryotic species |
Group of closely related organisms can be interbreed |
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Biovar |
Subgroup of serovar based on biochemical or physiological properties; also called biotype |
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Microarray |
DNA probes attached to a glass surface, used to udentify nucleotide sequence in a sample of DNA |
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Enteric |
Common name for a bacterium in family Enterobactericeae |
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ELISA |
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay a group of serolgical tests that use enzyme reactions as indicators |
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Bergey's Manual |
Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology the standard taxonomic referenc on bacteria |