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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Decontamination
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The removal or neutralization of an infectious, poisonous, or injurious agent from a site.
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Highest Resistance
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Bacterial Endospores, Prions
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Moderate Resistance
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Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Staphlococcus Areus |
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Least Resistance
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most bacterial vegetative cells
fungal spores and hyphae yeast enveloped viruses |
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Sterilization
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A process that destroys all viable microbes, including viruses and endospores; microbicidal
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Disinfection
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A process to destroy vegetative pathogens, not endospores; inanimate objects
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Antiseptic
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Disinfectants applied directly to exposed body surfaces
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Sanitization
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Any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microbes
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Degermation
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Reduces the number of microbes
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Microbial Death
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Permanent loss of reproductive capability; even under optimum growth conditions
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Mode of Action - The Cell Wall
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Cell wall becomes fragile and cell lyses; some antimicrobial drugs, detergents, and alcohol
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Mode of Action - The Cell Membrane
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Loses integrity; detergent surfactants
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Mode of Action - Cellular Synthetic Processes (DNA, RNA)
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Prevention of replication, transcription, some antimicrobial drugs, radiation, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide
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Mode of Action - Proteins
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Interfere at ribosome to prevent translation, disrupt or denature proteins, alcohols, phenols, acids, head
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Moist Heat
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Lower temperatures and shorter exposure time; coagulation and denaturation of proteins
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Dry Heat
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Moderate to high temperatures; dehydration; alters protein structure; incineration
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Bacterial Endospores
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Most resistant, usually require temperatures above boiling
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Thermal Death Time (TDT)
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Shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature
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Thermal Death Point (TDP)
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Lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes
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Autoclave
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15 psi/ 121 C/ 10 - 40 minutes
Steam must reach surface of item being sterilized Item must not be heat or moisture sensitive Mode of action - denaturation of proteins, destruction of membranes and DNA |
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Non-pressurized Steam (Tyndallization)
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Intermittent sterilization for substances that cannot withstand autoclaving.
Items exposed to free-flowing steam for 30 to 60 minutes, incubated for 23-24 hours and then subjected to steam again. Repeat cycle for 3 days. Used for some canned foods and laboratory media. Disinfectant |
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Pasteurization
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Heat is applied to kill potential agents of infection and spoilage without destroying the food flavor or value.
IS NOT A TYPE OF STERILIZATION. Kills non-spore forming pathogens and lowers overall microbe count; does not kill endospores or many nonpathogenic microbes. |
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Chlorine (Cl2)
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Hypochlorites (chlorine bleach)
Denatures proteins by disrupting the disulfide bonds. Intermediate level. Unstable in sunlight, inactivated by organic matter. Water, sewage, waste water, inanimate objects. Used in low concentrations because it is a carcinogenic. |
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Iodine (I2)
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Iodophors (betadine)
Denatures proteins Intermediate Level Milder medical and dental degerming agents, disinfectants, ointments |
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Phenolics
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Disrupt cell walls and membranes and percipitate proteins
1 TO 3% EMULSION. (Lysol and Creolin) |
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Chlorhexidine
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A surfactant and protein denaturant with broad microbicidal properties.
Low to intermediate level. Hibiclens, Hibitane Used as skin degerming agents for preoperative scrubs, skin cleaning and burns. INORGANIC - DOES NOT CONTAIN CARBON. |
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What types and percentages of alcohol do we use?
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Ethyl Alcohol - germicidal - solutions of 70% to 90% are used as skin degerming agents.
Isopropyl in solutions of 50 to 90%. |
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What percent of Hydrogen Peroxide can you use?
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As an antispectic, 3% hydrogen peroxide serves for skin and wound cleansing, bedsore care, and mouth washing.
Can be used upto 25%. Strong solutions are sporicidal. |
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What types of microorganisms grow in soap?
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Pseudomonas (gram negative)
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Non-pressurized Steam (Tyndallization)
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Intermittent sterilization for substances that cannot withstand autoclaving.
Items exposed to free-flowing steam for 30 to 60 minutes, incubated for 23-24 hours and then subjected to steam again. Repeat cycle for 3 days. Used for some canned foods and laboratory media. Disinfectant |
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Pasteurization
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Heat is applied to kill potential agents of infection and spoilage without destroying the food flavor or value.
IS NOT A TYPE OF STERILIZATION. Kills non-spore forming pathogens and lowers overall microbe count; does not kill endospores or many nonpathogenic microbes. |
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Chlorine (Cl2)
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Hypochlorites (chlorine bleach)
Denatures proteins by disrupting the disulfide bonds. Intermediate level. Unstable in sunlight, inactivated by organic matter. Water, sewage, waste water, inanimate objects. Used in low concentrations because it is a carcinogenic. |
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Iodine (I2)
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Iodophors (betadine)
Denatures proteins Intermediate Level Milder medical and dental degerming agents, disinfectants, ointments |
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Phenolics
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Disrupt cell walls and membranes and percipitate proteins
1 TO 3% EMULSION. (Lysol and Creolin) |
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Chlorhexidine
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A surfactant and protein denaturant with broad microbicidal properties.
Low to intermediate level. Hibiclens, Hibitane Used as skin degerming agents for preoperative scrubs, skin cleaning and burns. INORGANIC - DOES NOT CONTAIN CARBON. |
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What types and percentages of alcohol do we use?
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Ethyl Alcohol - germicidal - solutions of 70% to 90% are used as skin degerming agents.
Isopropyl in solutions of 50 to 90%. |
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What percent of Hydrogen Peroxide can you use?
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As an antispectic, 3% hydrogen peroxide serves for skin and wound cleansing, bedsore care, and mouth washing.
Can be used upto 25%. Strong solutions are sporicidal. |
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Hydrogen Peroxide
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Produce highly reactive hydroxyl-free radicals that damage protein and DNA while also decomposing O2 gas - toxic to anaerobes.
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What types of microorganisms grow in soap?
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Pseudomonas (gram negative)
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Heavy Metals
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Solutions of silver and mercury kill vegetative cells in low concentrations by inactivating proteins.
Oligodynamic action Low level Merthiolate, SILVER NITRATE, silver |