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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does most of the Earth's O2 come from?
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Microbial metabolic processes. I.e. Photosynthesis
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What percent of microbes are pathogenic?
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3% of the more than 100 trillion.
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Who is the father of modern microbiology?
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek. He developed the microscope.
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What is an Opportunistic Pathogen?
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A normally benign microbe that if allowed to proliferate can cause illness.
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Who got credit for the establishment of the Germ Theory?
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Robert Koch
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How do indigenous micro flora assist our bodies?
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1. Occupy space to prevent pathogens for occupying.
2. Depleting food 3. Produce toxins that kill pathogens |
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How do intestinal micro flora aid us?
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1. Aid in digestion
2. Produce useful substances. i.e. E Coli produces Vitamin K |
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What is the number 1 killer world wide?
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Infectious Diseases (pathogens)
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What are Koch's Postulates?
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Scientific tests to prove a specific microbe produces a specific disease.
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List Koch's Postulates.
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1. Microbe must be found in all cases of the same illness
2. Can be isolated from the ill animal and cultured in a pure medium 3. Isolated pathogen can be inoculated into a healthy host and that host gets that disease 4. Should be able to re-isolate the pathogen from the new host and grow in a pure culture |
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What are the exceptions to Koch's Postulates?
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1. Fastidious Organisms must have special mediums and/or ideal conditions
2. Obligate Intracellular Organisms will only grow in living hosts. 3. Must have an acceptable host. 4. Synergistic Infections require 2 or more pathogens to cause illness. 5. Some microbes will not cause illness after growth in pure medium. |
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What are the microorganisms called that normally live on or in a person?
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Indigenous micro flora
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What are Saprophytes?
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Microbes that live on dead/decaying organic material.
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Who introduced the terms aerobes and anaerobes?
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Louis Pasteur
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What is the power of the ocular lens of a microscope?
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10X
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For routine diagnosis, what microscope would be used?
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Light Compound or Darkfield
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Who invented the first compound microscope?
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Hans Jansen
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What is the fundamental living unit of any organism?
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The cell
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What are the basic characteristics of life?
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1. Obtain nutrients from the environment for metabolism.
2. Metabolism leads to growth and reproduction 3. Respond to environmental stimuli. 4. Can mutate which can make the cell better or worse suitable for it's environment. |
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Less complex cells such as bacteria and archaea, are what type of microorganism?
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Prokaryotes
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Complex cell like algae, protozoa, fungi, plants and animal, are what type of microorganism?
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Eukaryotes
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Viruses, viroids and prions are listed as what type of microorganism?
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Acellular Organisms
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Why are acellular organisms not true cells?
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They cannot sustain life on their own.
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What is the study of cells called?
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Cytology
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What differentiates a eukaryotic cell from prokayotes?
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The presents of a true nucleus.
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What are the properties of the eukaryotic cell membrane?
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1. Called plasm, cytoplasmic or cellular membrane.
2. Composed of proteins and phospholipids. 3. Selectively permeable. 4. Regulates passage of nutrients/waste in and out of cell. |
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What is another name for the nucleus?
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Control Center
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What are the three components of the nucleus?
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1. Nuclear membrane(selectively permeable)
2. Nucleoplasm 3. Chromosomes embedded in the nucleoplasm. |
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What is the semi-fluid matrix in a cell called?
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Cytoplasm
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What are the specialized structures found in the cytoplasm?
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Cytoplasmic Organelles
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Define organelles:
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Specialized structures bound by membranes that are found in the cytoplasm.
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What organelle is called the "Transport Network"?
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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What are the two type of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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1. Smooth ER has no ribosomes.
2. Rough ER has ribosomes. |
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What are ribosomes made of, and what is their purpose?
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1. Ribosomes are made of rRNA and proteins. Cluster held together by mRNA are called polyribosomes.
2. They synthesis proteins |
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What are the two subunits of ribosomes?
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60S (large unit) and 40S (small unit)
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What is the proper name for the "Packaging Plant" and what is it's function?
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Golgi Body. Completes the transformation of new proteins into their mature and functional state then packages them in small membranous vesicles for storage and and export.
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The "Housekeepers" of the cell are called what?
What is their function? |
1. Lysosomes
2. Break down foreign material with lysozyme by a process called phagocytosis. Also breaks down worn out cell parts. Can break down the whole cell- Autolysis. |
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Peroxisomes are what?
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Membranous vesicles where H2O2 is generated and broken down. Contain catalase which breaks down H2O2.
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Another name for the "Power Plant" is what?
What is it's function? |
1. Mitochondria
2. All the cell energy formed here in the form of ATP(adenosine triphosphate) |
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The organelle responsible for producing energy through photosynthesis?
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Plastids
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The three types of fibers that give the cell shape and strength, are know as the?
Name the three types. |
1. Cytoskeleton
2. Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments |
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What is the function of the Cell Wall?
How does the cell walls of algae and fungi differ? |
1. Provides shape, strength and protection.
2. Algae has cellulose and Fungi contain chitin. |
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The long, thin structures that aid in movement are called?
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Falagella
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The shorter, hairlike structures that aid in movement.
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Cilia
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What is the internal arrangement of microtubules in flagella and cilia?
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9+2
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