Microbiology Ch 1

Front 1

Zacharias Janssen

16th Century

Back 1

Credited for inventing the first truly compound microscope.
2 lenses --> look @ objects

Front 2

Giovanni Faber

16th Century

Back 2

credited with inventing the name "microscope"

Front 3

Robert Hooke

1635-1703

Back 3

In 1665 Hooke published Micrographia, a book describing his microscopic and telescopic observations, Hooke coined the term cell for describing biological organisms

Front 4

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

1632-1723

Back 4

"the Father of Microbiology"
improved of the microscope
observe and describe single celled organisms, known as "ANIMALCULES"

Front 5

Francesco Redi

1626-1697

Back 5

One of the men to dispute "Spontaneous Generation"
Did experiment with meat and flies, if flies were prevented from landing on meat, it did not produce maggots

Front 6

Who disputed Spontaneous Generation?

Back 6

Francesco Redi (1668)
John Needham (1748)
Lazzaro Spallanzani (1767)
Louis Pasteur (mid 1800s)

Front 7

John Needham (1748)

Back 7

did an experiment with mutton gravy.
his theory was organisms molecules reorganized and that they COULD come from non living organisms.

Front 8

Lazzaro Spallanzani (1767)

Back 8

redid Needham's experiments and covered the containers and flies did not appear.

Front 9

What are some of the Contributions of
Louis Pasteur

1822-1895

Back 9

-Disproved Spontaneous Generation
-Developed Process of Pasteurization
-Found Anthax to be temperature sensitive
-Developed Cholera Vaccine for chickens
-did some work with Anthrax
-did soem work with Rabies Vaccine
- worked with "pebrine" - silkworms

Front 10

What is Miasma Theory?

Back 10

Disease that was caused by altered chemical quality of the air. Also known as "BAD AIR".

Front 11

Girolano Fracostoro

(1546)

Back 11

Theory: "contagion is an infection that passes from one thing to another, by direct contact, clothing, eating utensils, and air"

Front 12

John Snow

(mid 1800s)

Back 12

Figured out where the Cholera outbreak was coming from, traced back to public street pump. Did interviews and mad a map.

Front 13

Ignaz Semmelweis

(mid 1800s)

Back 13

Determined the source of blood poisoning of women during childbirth.
First Epidemiology- had students wash hands in CHLORINE after handling cadavers.

Front 14

Who was the fist to create a Vaccination?

Back 14

Edward Jenner (late1700- early1800s)
Theory: contagion can be interupted
Created First Vaccine for Small Pox
-people exposed to cowpox were immune to smallpox-

Front 15

Robert Koch

(1843-1910)

Back 15

-German Scientist
-Studied Anthrax
-Provided evidence to support Germ Theory
-Developed Koch's Postulates
-Developed Pure Culture Technique

Front 16

What is Koch's Postulates?

Back 16

Koch’s postulates became standards for linking a specific organism to a specific disease
-The same microorganism are present in every case
-the microorganism can be isolated from the infected host and isolated in a lab
-the disease can be reproduced by infecting a new host with the pure culture
-the same microorganism can be isolated from the second host

Front 17

What are other contributions from ROBERT KOCH

Back 17

-Developed Culture Techniques (AGAR) -agar came from Fanny Hesse
-Worked on tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, typhoid
-First to grow bacteria on solid media
-use glass/box culture
-Postulates
-Pure culture
-identified colonies
-burning carcisus

Front 18

Dr. Joseph Lister

(1865)

Back 18

First to use and Aseptic technique.
Used carbolic Acid to pray on pts during surgery.

Front 19

Taxonomy (TAXA)

Back 19

The science of naming and classifying organisms and placing them into categories based on their evolutionary relationships.

Front 20

What are the
Classification Groups?

Back 20

-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum/division
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species

Did King Philip Come Over For Great Spaghetti?

Front 21

Carolus Linnaeus

(1707-1778)

Back 21

"Father of Taxonomy"
Developed System of Binomial Nomenclature "Genus & Species" Ex: E.coli
-Published book on Systema Naturae
-Developed Heirarchial System (Classificaiton Groups)
-2 Kingdoms: Plantae & Animilia (Plants & Animals)

Front 22

Earnest Haeckel

(1860's)

Back 22

Created 3rd Kingdom for PROTISTS

-Plants
-Animals
-Protista

Front 23

Robert Whittaker

(1969)

Back 23

Developed 5 Kingdom Classification
-Plants
-Animals
-Fungi
-Protists
-Monera

Front 24

Carol Woese

(1978)

Back 24

3 Domain system
(Based on cell Type)
Eukarya *Plants,Animals,Fungi, Protist
(Eu) Bacteria *True Bacteria
Archaebacteria
*no true cell wall
*live in extreme environments

Archaebacteria

Front 25

What are the Characteristics of a PROKARYOTES?

Before Nucleus

Back 25

1- Unicellular
2- NO Nucleus
3- bacteria ex: E.coli
4- Smaller
5- NO organelles
6- Circular Chromosome
-extra chromosomal DNA Plasmids

Front 26

What are the Characteristics of a EUKARYOTIC?

True Nucleus

Back 26

1- Nucleus
2- Some microorganisms ex. Yeast
3- Larger
4- Organelles *membrane bound*
5- Linear DNA Chromosome
6- Mitochondria
7- Chloroplasts
8- Golgi Apparatus
9- Cyto Skeleton
10- Histones

Front 27

What is MICRO METER SIZE RANGE?

Back 27

Most bacterial and archaeal cells are 1-5 micrometers (µm) in length

Front 28

Compound Light Microscope

Back 28

Front 29

What is the Staining Technique?

Back 29

Staining techniques Provide Contrast
The simple stain technique involves flooding a prepared specimen with basic dye

The negative stain technique uses acidic dye, which is repelled by cell walls, leaving clear cells on a dark background

Front 30

What is Gram Staining Technique?

Back 30

In the Gram stain technique, cells are stained with crystal violet and Gram’s iodine solution, and washed with a decolorizer

Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet, whereas gram-negative bacteria do not

Front 31

What is Phase Contrast Microscopy?

Back 31

Phase-contrast microscopy a special condenser and objective lenses to allow observers to view living, unstained organisms

Front 32

What is DARK-FIELD microscopy?

Back 32

Dark-field microscopy shows the specimen against a dark background, and provides good resolution

Front 33

What is Fluorescence microscopy?

Back 33

In fluorescence microscopy, specimens are coated with fluorescent dye and illuminated with ultraviolet light

Front 34

What are the components of a Bacteria cell?

Back 34