Microbiology /c Diseases By Taxonomy, Chapter 7 & 8

Front 1

Frederick Griffith

Back 1

n 1928 discovers transformation in bacteria and establishes the foundation of molecular genetics.

Front 2

DNA structure:
Replication

Back 2

the process of making copies of strands of DNA. Existing DNA is used as a template for synthesizing the new strands.

Front 3

DNA structure:
Transcription

Back 3

making mRNA from DNA template

Front 4

DNA structure:
Translation

Back 4

using mRNA to make protein

Front 5

Polymerase

Back 5

whole purpose it an enzymes that adds nucleotides; binds on promotor (starting point of dna sequencing)until it reaches terminator

Front 6

Promotor

Back 6

staring point for polymerase to make sequence

Front 7

RNA polymerase

Back 7

mRNA will attach to a ribosome: p site: always filled first
a site:

Front 8

codon

Back 8

three nucliotide sequence

Front 9

AUG

Back 9

start codon - which is the same aa (MET)

Front 10

anticodon

Back 10

nucliotide complimentary of codon

Front 11

UAA
UAG
UGA

Back 11

STOP CODONS - do not code for any aa - will end translation

Front 12

DNA REPLICATION
PURPOSE, BEGINNING POINT,
AND ENDING POINT

Back 12

To duplicate the cell's genome,
Origin, and Origin or the end of a linear DNA molecule

Front 13

DNA Transcription
purpose, beginning point,
and ending point

Back 13

To synthesize RNA, Promotor,
and terminator

Front 14

DNA Translation
purpose, beginning point,
and ending point

Back 14

To synthesize polypeptides, AUG start codone and UAA, UAG, OR UGA stop codons

Front 15

operon

Back 15

is the gene and all the regulatory regions

Front 16

repressor

Back 16

will bind to operator and inhibit RNA transcription

Front 17

inducer

Back 17

will bind to repressor to allow transcription to occure - stops repressor from binding to operator

Front 18

lac operon

Back 18

feedback mechanism - for turning transcription on and off.

Front 19

operator

Back 19

repressor binding site

Front 20

AMES test

Back 20

test drug companies use to find if something/chemical is mutagenic.

Front 21

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Back 21

to take a very small amount of DNA, and make lots of copies - DNA replication in a test tube

Front 22

Polymerase Chain Reaction in a tube needs what four things?

Back 22

DNA, primers (the sequence of gene of interest), nucleotides, and DNA polymerase

Front 23

process of PCR

Back 23

denature DNA in thermocycler (94C), then cool it down to 72C, DNA primer going to tell polymerase where to start and stop, as polymerase moves down operator will add complimentory nuclotides until hits terminator. repeating process (heating/cooling) doubling strand quantity.

Front 24

what is PCR being used for?

Back 24

to identify HIV in samples of blood. have primers for the virus to try to amplify to a detectible level. also testing for west nile, Hep B, Hep C.

Front 25

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Back 25

going to be used in order how related organism are to each other.

Front 26

process of Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Back 26

take known DNA sample, and sample of unknown DNA sample. denature strands - allow to cool, strands will or will try to hook up together. look at structure, compare how they rehybridize together.

Front 27

DNA probes

Back 27

hybridized technique used to view comparison of DNA