Microbiology (Biol 251): Lab 2

Front 1

Identify the two types of hemolysis that can occur on blood agar plates.

Which is these is worse?

Back 1

Alphahemolysis
Betahemolysis (worse)

Front 2

Describe what alphahemolysis looks like on a blood agar plate.

What does it represent?

Back 2

It looks like a dark green halo. It represents only a partial destruction of blood cells.

Front 3

Describe what betahemolysis looks like on a blood agar plate.

Back 3

There is NO red color.

This represents complete destruction of blood cells.

Tip: Beta starts with the letter B and so does BAD! Betahemolysis is bad b/c it destroys blood cells.

Front 4

If your test tube was cloudy when shaken up, what did that mean?

Back 4

Bacteria is present.

Front 5

pure culture

Back 5

a laboratory culture containing a single species of organism, usually derived from a mixed culture

Front 6

mixed culture

Back 6

a laboratory culture containing many species of organisms

Front 7

Identify the 4 bacteria in the mixed culture.

Back 7

Micrococcus luteus
Serratia marcescens
Escheria coli
Chromobacterium violaceum

Front 8

Micrococcus luteus

-color
-gram
-common location

Back 8

Yellow
Gram (+)
Skin, soil, hair

Front 9

Serratia marcescens

-color
-gram
-common disease

Back 9

Red
Gram (-)
Bladder infection

Front 10

Escheria coli

-color
-gram
-common location

Back 10

White
Gram (-)
Colon

Front 11

Chromobacterium violaceum

-color
-gram
-common location
-common disease

Back 11

Purple
Gram (-)
Water, soil
Pus-forming infections

Front 12

What streak method is used in lab and why?

Back 12

We use the quadrant streak method because we want to isolate a single colony in order to form a pure culture.

Front 13

What is the plant cell wall made of?

Back 13

Cellulose

Front 14

Are fungi unicellular or multicellular?

Back 14

They are both unicellular AND multicellular. Mushrooms are filamentous.

Front 15

Identify the 3 types of fungi and whether they are unicellular, multicellular, or filamentous.

Back 15

Yeasts (unicellular)
Molds (filamentous)
Mushrooms (multicellular)

Front 16

Identify the ideal conditions for fungi.

Back 16

On land in 20-35 C° at a pH 5

Front 17

Identify 3 functions of fungi.

Back 17

Decompose organic material
Release CO2 into the air
Release nitrogen compounds into the soil

Front 18

What do all fungi have in their cell walls?

Back 18

Chitin

Front 19

Do any fungi have flagella?

Back 19

None do, except for chytrids in their reproductive form.

Front 20

Identify the 3 ways that fungi can reproduce.

Back 20

Asexually by mitosis
Budding in yeast
Hyphae in molds

Front 21

Identify 2 ways that fungi can cause harm.

Back 21

Cause plant disease such as Dutch elm disease and wheat rust

Cause allergic reactions in humans due to toxins produced by aspergillis

Front 22

Identify 2 ways that fungi can do good.

Back 22

Yeast are used in wine and bread-making.

Some fungi produce penicillin.

Front 23

Is negative staining acidic or non-acidic?

Back 23

Acidic

Front 24

Does negative staining cause a negative charge or a positive charge?

Back 24

Negative charge

Tip: Duh?!

Front 25

Identify the 2 most commonly used negative staining products.

Back 25

Nigrosin

India ink

Front 26

Why does a bacteria's membrane repel the negative stain ink?

Back 26

They repel each other because they BOTH have a negative charge.

The bacteria's membrane (phospholipid) has a negative charge. The negative stain has a negative charge.

Front 27

In actuality, what does the negative stain color?

Back 27

Negative stains color the area AROUND the bacteria, but not the bacteria itself.

Front 28

In what way is negative staining useful?

Back 28

It is useful in examining the shape or morphology of bacteria.

Front 29

#1

Back 29

Coccus

Front 30

#2

Back 30

Diplococci

Front 31

#3

Back 31

Streptococci

Front 32

#4

Back 32

Tetrads

Front 33

#5

Back 33

Staphylococci


Note: Cluster

Front 34

#6

Back 34

Sarcina


Tip: Cube of 8

Front 35

#1

Back 35

Bacillus

Front 36

#1

Back 36

Bacillus

Front 37

#2

Back 37

Streptobacilli

Front 38

#3

Back 38

Coccobacillus

Front 39

A

Back 39

Bacillus

Front 40

B

Back 40

Streptococci

Front 41

C

Back 41

Staphylococci

Front 42

D

Back 42

Diplococci

Front 43

E

Back 43

Spirillum


Note: Loose spiral

Front 44

F

Back 44

Vibrio


Tip: It's like a comma.

Front 45

#1

Back 45

Vibrio

Front 46

#2

Back 46

Spirillum

Front 47

#3

Back 47

Spirochete


Note: Tight spiral

Front 48

What shape are pleomorphic bacteria?

Back 48

They have no particular shape.

Front 49

Identify the arrangement of this bacteria.

Back 49

Palisade

Front 50

Identify the shape of this bacteria.

Back 50

Diplobacilli