Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
EMB agar
|
E coli
has green sheen (vs salm/shig) |
|
|
Indole +, lactose fermenting GNB
|
E coli
|
|
Mucoid GNB
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
Currant jelly sputum
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
lactose fermenting gnbs
|
Klebsiella
E coli Enterobacter |
|
Triple Sugar Iron Agar – detect fermentation of glucose, lactose and/or sucrose, and the production of hydrogen sulfide
What are the possibilities for 1, 2, 3, 4? |
1. E coli: Ferments all 3, makes gas
2. Shigella: Glucose fermenter only (yellow in bottom) 3. Salmonella: glucose fermenter AND H2S prod 4. Pseudomonas: Non-fermenter |
|
non-lactose-fermenter
|
Proteus. Swarms.
|
|
|
Proteus vulgaris vs. proteus mirabilis?
|
P. vulgaris is indole +
|
|
|
Serratia
red pigment non-lactose-fermenting gnb |
|
Hektoen agar
SS agar |
Salmonella & Shigella are colorless on SS agar
Salmonella produces BLACK pigment on Hektoen (enteric gnbs are orange) |
|
TSI tubes. What is the organism on the left?
|
Salmonella typhi. "Moustache effect" in TSI tube - only the middle is black. Other salmonellas will be entirely black.
|
|
|
Chronic carriers of S. typhi harbor the organism in what organ?
|
gallbladder
|
|
|
GNB
Non-lactose fermenter Human to human transmission Non-motile No H2S production Low #s are infectious |
Shigella
|
|
|
Diarrhea from non-pasteurized milk
|
Yersinia enterocolitica. PIG reservoir
GROWS WELL AT 4C ~ LISTERIA |
|
|
Sepsis in an iron overload syndrome
|
Y. enterocolitica
|
|
|
Mesenteric adenitis mimicking appendicitis
|
Y. enterocolitica
|
|
|
Sepsis in a patient recently transfused with RBCs?
|
Yersinia
|
|
|
Bipolar staining safety pin on gram stain
Catalase positive Oxidase negative |
Yersinia pestis
|
|
Southwestern US |
Bubonic plague buboe from Y. pestis
Rat reservoir, trx by flea, high fatality >= 50% if spreads to lungs |
|
|
Vibrio
Comma-shaped gnbs |
|
|
campylobacter
seagull shaped gnbs |
|
TCBS agar. turns yellow due to sucrose fermentation of?
|
vibrio cholerae
|
|
diarrhea after eating seafood
TCBS turns green from lack of fermentation from? |
Vibrio parahemolyticus
|
|
|
Ingestion of raw oysters and shellfish from coastal waters. Painful skin lesions with muscle necrosis on lower extremities
LACTOSE POSITIVE |
Vibrio vulnificus
MOST VIRULENT strain Green or yellow on TCBS, but lactose + 50% fatality Septicemia with pre-existing liver disease |
|
Major nosocomial pathogen
Gram negative coccobacilli Acquires resistance to most antibiotics oxidase + |
Acinetobacter
baumannii oxidizes glucose lwolffi doesn't |
|
GNB
Rapid MALTOSE oxidizer Natural resistance to most antibiotics including imipenem Super colonizer when on long-term imipenem therapy |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
|
|
GNB
Glucose nonfermenter Oxidase + Mucoid GROWTH AT 42C Grapey odor |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(vs Ps fluor/ putida - DO NOT grow at 42) |
|
Dry yellow colonies
GNB Oxidase - Glucose nonfermenter |
Burkholderia cepacia
CF pathogen |
|
|
GNB
Glucose nonfermenter Sweet fruity odor |
Alkaligenes
|
|
|
2 GNBs classically associated with water
|
Pseudomonas
Legionella |
|
|
GNB
Glucose nonfermenter Neonatal sepsis |
Flavobacterium/Chryseobacterium
F. meningosepticum --> neonatal septicemia |
|
|
Growth requirements & classic associations in:
Haemophilus influenza H. paraflu H. ducreyi H. aphro |
H flu: Req X (hemin) and V (NAD)
H paraflu: V only. Nl flora H ducreyi: X only. CHANCROID H aphro: neither. abscesses & endocarditis |
|
Microaerophile
gram neg coccobacillus 20% resistant to ampicillin by beta-lactamase |
Haemophilus influenza
|
|
Satellitosis around S. aureus
|
H influenza
Nutritionally variant strep (the only 2 things that do this!) |
|
|
Haemophilus parainfluenza
Requires just V (NAD) to grow |
|
Tiny fastidious gnb that grows on charcoal agar.
organism? Best dx test? |
Bordetella pertussis
Nasopharyngeal swab PCR. MUST TRX IN CHARCOAL! fastidious organism |
|
|
What are the stages of bordetella? which stage is contagious?
|
1. Prodromal. CONTAGIOUS!
2. Catarrhal. COUGH! 3. Paroxysmal |
|
|
How does bordetella cause disease?
|
Toxin adheres to bronchial epithelium. You can treat the infection but not the cough
|
|
|
Positive blood culture (2-4 days) and endocarditis
|
HACEK organisms
H. aphro Actinobacillus Cardiobacter Eikenella (pits) Kingella (beta hemolytic!) |
|
Tiny GNB that grows on SBA BUT NOT ON MACCONKEY!
oxidase + catalase + |
Pasteurella multocida
dog & cat bites |
|
What is Capnocytophaga canimorsus??
|
very pleomorphic gram negative rod
another cause of dog bite infection WORSE sickness |
|
Fever of unknown origin
Joint pain Blood or bone marrow! CASTANEDA BOTTLE (used historically) |
Brucella
very small gnb Usually long lag phase for dx due to nonspecific symptoms. Castaneda bottle took 3 wks, now can do in 5d |
|
|
Types of brucella. From?
B. abortus B. melitensis B. suis B. canis |
B. abortus – raw cow milk
B. melitensis – raw goat milk, feta cheese B. suis – pigs B. canis - dogs |
|
|
Skirrow's blood agar
|
Campylobacter
(microaerophile - needs CO2!) |
|
Name 2 sequelae of campylobacter, and where does it come from?
|
70% poultry!
Diarrheal illness Guillain Barre Syndrome |
|
|
What is the significance of campylobacter fetus?
|
causes infection in the immunosuppressed.
Can differentiate from C. jejuni because C jejuni grows at 42 |
|
|
Rabbit skinning --> painful ulcerative skin lesions
Must use media with CYSTEINE present |
Francisella tularensis
|
|
|
RAPID STRONG UREASE +
Acute gastritis - use antral biopsy tissue |
H. pylori
|
|
|
2 GNBs that need CYSTEINE to grow
|
Francisella
Legionella |
|
GNB that doesn't gram stain well and doesn't grow well on SBA... need BCYE
treatment? |
Legionella. Can do urinary antigen
treat wtih erythromycin |
|
|
Name two bacteria that do not have a cell wall so they must be transported in media with STEROLS; and that don't form colonies so must examine plates under the microscope
|
Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma (Both can cause GU complications in pregnancy!) |
|
|
Pneumonia from parrots
|
chlamydia psittaci
|
|
|
C trachomatis Serovars L1,L2,& L3 causes?
|
LGV
|
|
|
What causes trench fever?
|
Bartonella quintana
|
|
|
What causes cat scratch and bacillary angiomatosus?
|
Bartonella henselae
|
|
What are these
|
McCoy cells - inclusion bodies of chlamydia stained with iodine
|
|
Patient has fever, leukopenia. What organism is this?
|
Ehrlichia
Transmitted by tick Infects granulocytes (chaffeensis --> monocytes) |
|
|
How to ID ehrlichia vs RMSF?
|
ehrlichia DOES NOT HAVE a rash
|
|
Water & rats
|
Leptospira
*hooks on both ends |
|
|
Name some spirochetes
|
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia recurrentis Leptospira Treponema |
|
Anaerobic gnb
Grows in presence of bile (major fecal organism) |
bacteroides
Bile esculin + |
|
|
Most GNBs are catalase + except?
|
Haemophilus
|
|
|
Name 2 microaerophilic gnbs?
|
Haemophilus
Campylobacter |
|
BBE plate. Do gram stain to rule out which gpc?
|
this is bacteroides, hydrolyzes esculin
r/o enterococcus |
|
Anaerobe
|
Fusobacterium
Oral cavity & respiratory tract infections |
|
Anaerobe
|
Clostridium
|
|
|
Double zone of hemolysis
CLASSIC IN CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS |
|
|
"Reverse camp test positive"
|
C. perfringens
(uses GBS instead of staph aureus) |
|
Anaerobe
TENNIS RACKET SPORES Penetrating injury |
Clostridium tetani
|
|
|
Clostridium septicum is associated with?
|
cancer
|
|
|
Glutamate dehydrogenase antigen
|
C. difficile
|
|
Anaerobe
Branching GPB "Molar tooth colonies" |
Actinomyces
|
|
anaerobe
|
actinomyces
SULFUR GRANULES |
|
|
IUD infection
|
Actinomyces
|
|
|
Usually normal skin anaerobe but can cause cerebral shunt infection
|
Propionibacterium acnes
|
|
|
Chancroid
|
haem. ducreyi
|
|
|
dog bite
|
Pasteurella multocida
Capnocytophaga |
|
|
BV
|
Gardnerella vaginalis (hemolytic on human blood)
|
|
|
Granuloma inguinale
|
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
|
|
|
rat bite fever
|
Streptobacillus moniliformis
|
|
|
Lyme disease
Borreliosis |
Lyme: Borrelia burgdorferi
Borreliosis: B. recurrentis |
|
|
Erysipelas (red skin)
Erysipeloid (cellulitis handling fish & meat) |
GAS
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae |
|
|
Glucose fermenters Oxidase negative Nitrate reduced to nitrite |
Enterobacteriaceae |
|
|
Diarrhea Fever Polys in stool |
Salmonella |
|
|
Non-lactose fermenter Produces H2S |
Salmonella |
|
|
Antigens for Salmonella |
O somatic -- cell wall H flagellar Vi capsular -- S typhi only ID based on Kaufman White typing scheme |
|
|
agar for Salmonella |
Hektoen and SS |
|
|
Bloody diarrhea |
Shigella (among others) |
|
|
Rice water stools |
Vibrio cholerae |
|
|
Toxin in cholera |
Receptor on endothelial cell --> Activates adenylate cyclease --> Increases cAMP --> Hypersecretion of NaCl and water |
|
|
Enhancement of Vibrio cholerae growth |
1% salt (halophilic) Alkaline peptone water enhancement |
|
|
Virulent strains of cholerae |
01 most virulent classic and el Tor |
|
|
septicemia in patients with pre existing liver disease |
Vibrio vulnificus |
|
|
Pyocyanin |
Pseudomonas |
|
|
Oxidative/fermentative sugar reactions Two tubes with glucose, green indicator One has layer of oil |
Both turn yellow = fermentation Only tube with oil turns yellow = assimilation No yellow = oxidizer |
|
|
Pathogens in cystic fibrosis |
Burkholderia cepacia Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Hemophilus - resistance to: |
ampicillin by beta lactamase production |
|
|
Regan Lowe Charcoal agar |
Bordatella pertussis |
|
|
ID and swab for Bordatella |
Direct by fluorescent antibody stain Charcoal media Nasopharyngeal swab for culture |
|
|
Campylobacter, grows at 37 and 42 |
jejuni |
|
|
Campylobacter, grows at 37 and 25 |
fetus |
|
|
Gliding motility, fingerlike projections from colonies |
Capnocytophaga |
|
|
Tumbling motility |
Listeria monocytogenes |
|
|
Cannot stain direct specimens - must use silver impregnation stains in tissue |
Legionella |
|
|
Urinary antigen test for legionella detects what type(s)? |
I only |
|
|
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma require what type of media? |
Media with sterols (no cell wall) |
|
|
Fried egg colony |
Mycoplasma hominis |
|
|
Brillo pad colony Rapid urea hydrolysis in broth |
Ureaplasma urealyticum |
|
|
Reverse CAMP test |
Clostridium perfringens (uses GBS) |
|
|
Bordatella pertussis |
whooping cough |
|
|
T. whippelii |
Whipple's disease |
