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82 Cards in this Set
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EMB agar
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E coli
has green sheen (vs salm/shig) |
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Indole +, lactose fermenting GNB
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E coli
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Mucoid GNB
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Klebsiella
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Currant jelly sputum
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Klebsiella
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lactose fermenting gnbs
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Klebsiella
E coli Enterobacter |
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Triple Sugar Iron Agar – detect fermentation of glucose, lactose and/or sucrose, and the production of hydrogen sulfide
What are the possibilities for 1, 2, 3, 4? |
1. E coli: Ferments all 3, makes gas
2. Shigella: Glucose fermenter only (yellow in bottom) 3. Salmonella: glucose fermenter AND H2S prod 4. Pseudomonas: Non-fermenter |
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non-lactose-fermenter
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Proteus. Swarms.
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Proteus vulgaris vs. proteus mirabilis?
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P. vulgaris is indole +
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Serratia
red pigment non-lactose-fermenting gnb |
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Hektoen agar
SS agar |
Salmonella & Shigella are colorless on SS agar
Salmonella produces BLACK pigment on Hektoen (enteric gnbs are orange) |
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TSI tubes. What is the organism on the left?
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Salmonella typhi. "Moustache effect" in TSI tube - only the middle is black. Other salmonellas will be entirely black.
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Chronic carriers of S. typhi harbor the organism in what organ?
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gallbladder
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GNB
Non-lactose fermenter Human to human transmission Non-motile No H2S production Low #s are infectious |
Shigella
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Diarrhea from non-pasteurized milk
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Yersinia enterocolitica. PIG reservoir
GROWS WELL AT 4C ~ LISTERIA |
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Sepsis in an iron overload syndrome
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Y. enterocolitica
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Mesenteric adenitis mimicking appendicitis
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Y. enterocolitica
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Sepsis in a patient recently transfused with RBCs?
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Yersinia
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Bipolar staining safety pin on gram stain
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Yersinia pestis
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Bubonic plague buboe from Y. pestis
Rat reservoir, trx by flea, high fatality if spreads to lungs |
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Vibrio
Comma-shaped gnbs |
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campylobacter
seagull shaped gnbs |
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TCBS agar. turns yellow due to sucrose fermentation of?
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vibrio cholerae
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diarrhea after eating seafood
TCBS turns green from lack of fermentation from? |
Vibrio parahemolyticus
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Ingestion of raw oysters and shellfish from coastal waters. Painful skin lesions with muscle necrosis on lower extremities and septicemia in patients with pre existing liver disease. LACTOSE POSITIVE
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Vibrio vulnificus
MOST VIRULENT strain Green or yellow on TCBS, but lactose + 50% fatality assoc with pre-existing liver disease |
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Major nosocomial pathogen
Gram negative coccobacilli Acquires resistance to most antibiotics oxidase + |
Acinetobacter baumannii
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GNB
Rapid MALTOSE oxidizer Natural resistance to most antibiotics including imipenem Super colonizer when on long-term imipenem therapy |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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GNB
Glucose nonfermenter Oxidase + Mucoid Fluorescent green & blue pigment (pyocyanin) GROWTH AT 42C Grapey odor |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(vs Ps fluor/ putida - DO NOT grow at 42) |
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Dry yellow colonies
GNB Oxidase - Glucose nonfermenter CF pathogen |
Burkholderia cepacia
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GNB
Glucose nonfermenter Sweet fruity odor |
Alkaligenes
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2 GNBs classically associated with water
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Pseudomonas
Legionella |
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GNB
Glucose nonfermenter Neonatal sepsis |
flavobacterium
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Growth requirements & classic associations in:
Haemophilus influenza H. paraflu H. ducreyi H. aphro |
H flu: Req X (hemin) and V (NAD)
H paraflu: V only. Nl flora H ducreyi: X only. CHANCROID H aphro: neither. abscesses & endocarditis |
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Microaerophile
gram neg coccobacillus 20% resistant to ampicillin by beta-lactamase |
Haemophilus influenza
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Satellitosis around S. aureus
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H influenza
Nutritionally variant strep (the only 2 things that do this!) |
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Haemophilus parainfluenza
Requires just V (NAD) to grow |
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Tiny fastidious gnb that grows on charcoal agar.
organism? Best dx test? |
Bordetella pertussis
Nasopharyngeal swab PCR. MUST TRX IN CHARCOAL! fastidious organism |
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What are the stages of bordetella? which stage is contagious?
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1. Prodromal. CONTAGIOUS!
2. Catarrhal. COUGH! 3. Paroxysmal |
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How does bordetella cause disease?
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Toxin adheres to bronchial epithelium. You can treat the infection but not the cough
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Positive blood culture and endocarditis
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HACEK organisms
H. aphro Actinobacillus Cardiobacter Eikenella (pits) Kingella (beta hemolytic!) |
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Tiny GNB that grows on SBA BUT NOT ON MACCONKEY!
oxidase + catalase + |
Pasteurella multocida
dog & cat bites |
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What is Capnocytophaga canimorsus??
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very pleomorphic gram negative rod
another cause of dog bite infection WORSE sickness |
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Fever of unknown origin
Joint pain Blood or bone marrow! CASTANEDA BOTTLE (used historically) |
Brucella
very small gnb Usually long lag phase for dx due to nonspecific symptoms. Castaneda bottle took 3 wks, now can do in 5d |
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Types of brucella. From?
B. abortus B. melitensis B. suis B. canis |
B. abortus – raw cow milk
B. melitensis – raw goat milk, feta cheese B. suis – pigs B. canis - dogs |
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Skirrow's blood agar
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Campylobacter
(microaerophile - needs CO2!) |
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Name 2 sequelae of campylobacter, and where does it come from?
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70% poultry!
Diarrheal illness Guillain Barre Syndrome |
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What is the significance of campylobacter fetus?
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causes infection in the immunosuppressed.
Can differentiate from C. jejuni because C jejuni grows at 42 |
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Rabbit skinning
Must use media with CYSTEINE present |
Francisella tularensis
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RAPID STRONG UREASE +
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H. pylori
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2 GNBs that need CYSTEINE to grow
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Francisella
Legionella |
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GNB that doesn't gram stain well and doesn't grow well on SBA... need BCYE
tm? |
Legionella. Can do urinary antigen
treat wtih erythromycin |
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Name two bacteria that do not have a cell wall so they must be transported in media with STEROLS; and that don't form colonies so must examine plates under the microscope
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Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma (Both can cause GU complications in pregnancy!) |
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Pneumonia from parrots
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chlamydia psittaci
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C trachomatis Serovars L1,L2,& L3 causes?
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LGV
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What causes trench fever?
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Bartonella quintana
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What causes cat scratch and bacillary angiomatosus?
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Bartonella henselae
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What are these
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McCoy cells - inclusion bodies of chlamydia stained with iodine
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Patient has fever, leukopenia. What organism is this?
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Ehrlichia
Transmitted by tick |
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How to ID ehrlichia vs RMSF?
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ehrlichia DOES NOT HAVE a rash
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Water & rats
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Leptospira
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Name some spirochetes
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Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia recurrentis Leptospira Treponema |
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Anaerobic gnb
Grows in presence of bile (major fecal organism) |
bacteroides
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Most GNBs are catalase + except?
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Haemophilus
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Name 2 microaerophilic gnbs?
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Haemophilus
Campylobacter |
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BBE plate. Do gram stain to rule out which gpc?
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this is bacteroides, hydrolyzes esculin
r/o enterococcus |
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Anaerobe
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Fusobacterium
Oral cavity & respiratory tract infections |
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Anaerobe
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Clostridium
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Double zone of hemolysis CLASSIC IN CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
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"Reverse camp test positive"
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C. perfringens
(uses GBS instead of staph aureus) |
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Anaerobe
TENNIS RACKET SPORES |
Clostridium tetani
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Clostridium septicum is associated with?
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cancer
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Glutamate dehydrogenase antigen
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C. difficile
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Anaerobe
Branching GPB "Molar tooth colonies" |
Actinomyces
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anaerobe
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actinomyces
SULFUR GRANULES |
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IUD infection
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Actinomyces
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Usually normal skin anaerobe but can cause cerebral shunt infection
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Propionibacterium acnes
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Chancroid
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haem. ducreyi
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dog bite
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Pasteurella multocida
Capnocytophaga |
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BV
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Gardnerella vaginalis (hemolytic on human blood)
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Granuloma inguinale
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Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
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rat bite fever
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Streptobacillus moniliformis
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Lyme disease
Borreliosis |
Lyme: Borrelia burgdorferi
Borreliosis: B. recurrentis |
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Erysipelas (red skin)
Erysipeloid (cellulitis handling fish & meat) |
GAS
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae |
