Microbiology - A Systems Approach Ch1

Front 1

What are the major groups of microorganisms

Back 1

bacteria, archae, algae, helminths, fungi, and viruses

*mnemomic device* All Boys Find Help Pronouncing Viruses

Front 2

What are the impact of microbes on the earth?

Back 2

photosynthesis, decomposition, biotechnology, genetic engineering, recombinant DNA, bioremediation

Front 3

What are pathogens

Back 3

Any virus, bacterium or other agent that causes disease

Front 4

What are emerging diseases?

Back 4

An emerging disease is one that has appeared in a population for the first time, or that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range

Front 5

What are procaryotic cells?

Back 5

Cells that lack a true, membrane-enclosed nucleus; bacteria are procaryotic and have their genetic material located in a nucleoid.

Front 6

What are eucaryotic cells?

Back 6

Cells that have a membrane-delimited nucleus and differ in many other ways from procaryotic cells; protists, algae, fungi, plants, and animals are all eucaryotic.

Front 7

What are viruses?

Back 7

An infectious agent having a simple acellular organization with a protein coat and a single type of nucleic acid, lacking independent metabolism, and reproducing only within living host cells.

Front 8

What are parasites?

Back 8

An organism that lives on or within another organism (the host) and benefits from the association while harming its host. Often the parasite obtains nutrients from the host.

Front 9

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Back 9

First Microscope
father of microbiology
(textile merchant discovered "animacules")

Front 10

Robert Hooke

Back 10

discovered cells

Front 11

Phillip Semmelweis

Back 11

Demonstrated importance of handwashing

"childbed fever" rates ↓ with handwashing

Front 12

Leuis Pasteur

Back 12

Germ theory of disease
vaccine for rabies

Front 13

Joseph Lister

Back 13

First person to perform surgery under antiseptic tecnniques

Used carbolic acid (phenol) to clean equipment and swabbed on wounds

Front 14

Robert Koch

Back 14

Cultivated anthrax to prove that bacteria caused disease

Front 15

Koch's Postulates

Back 15

1. Microbes observed in sick animal
2. Cultivated in lab
3. Microbes injected in healthy animal
4. Animal develops the diseas
5. Microbes observed in sick animal.
6. Reisolated in lab

Front 16

Alexander Fleming

Back 16

bacteriologist who discovered penicllin

Front 17

Selman Walksman

Back 17

Father of antibiotics

Front 18

Biotechnology

Back 18

Microorganisms are used as living factories to produce pharmaceuticals that otherwise could not be manufactured.

Front 19

Taxonomy

Back 19

Naming, Classifying, and Identifying Microorganisms

Front 20

Carolus Linnaeus

Back 20

Swedish scientist that developed system of taxonomy

Front 21

What is binomial nomenclature?

Back 21

Part of Taxonomy
Scientific name is a combination of 2 terms - Genus and Species (last two categories of taxonomy)

*Genus capitalized
*Species lowercase

Front 22

What are the classification CATEGORIES of taxonomy?

Back 22

7 categories
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

*mnemonic device* - Keep Plates Clean Or Family Gets Sick

Front 23

What are the five KINGDOMS of taxonomy?

Back 23

Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

*mnemonic device* - Mona Protested Fungus on Plants and Animals

Front 24

Kingdom Monera

Back 24

Unicellular and colonial
includes bacteria & cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
Procaryotic w/out nucleus

Front 25

Kingdom Protista

Back 25

Unicellular & multicellular
Protozoins &multicellular algae
Euecaryotic w/ nucleus

Front 26

Kingdom Fungi

Back 26

Haploid and dikaryotic cells, multicellular, generally heterotrophic, without cilia

Eucaryotic w/ nuclei

Front 27

Kindgom Plantae

Back 27

Haplo-diploid life cycles, mostly autotrohphic, retaining embryo within female sex organ on parent plant

Front 28

Kingdom Animalia

Back 28

Multicellular animals without cell walls and without photosynthetic pigments, forming diploid blastula

Front 29

Three Domain System

Back 29

Woese - Fox System

3 domains from 3 distinct cell lines

Archaea - (Arachaebacteria Kingdom)

Bacteria - (Eubacteria Kingdom)

Eukarya - (Subdivided into Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animals Kingdoms)