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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the predisposing factors for dental caries?
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Carbohydrate consumption
-Incidence in developing nations increases with increased carbohydrate consumption -Incidence in developed nations decreases with increased awareness and oral hygiene improvements • Low socio-economic status |
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What are the characteristics of Meth Mouth?
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Methamphetamine use
-Xerostomia (dry mouth) -Extended periods of poor oral hygiene -Consumption of highly-sugared beverages -Tooth grinding and clenching |
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Your patient is a new mom and has been putting honey on her kids pacifier, you advice her to not to continue this practice why?
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Development of Baby bottle tooth decay:
Predominantly affects the front teeth, but other teeth can also be involved • Repeated ingestion of sweetened liquids sugar sticks to teeth -Avoid letting the child fall asleep with a bottle, especially if filled with juice, milk, formula, etc. -Avoid dipping pacifier in sweetened liquids • Importance of baby teeth -Needed for chewing food and speaking properly -Needed to hold place for permanent teeth |
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What are the required organism components needed for dental caries and their roles?
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Strep. mutans: Initiator Glucosyltransferase: sucrose-->glucan (sticky polymer that adheres to the tooth)
Lactobacillus spp: Progression Actinomyces viscosus: Root surface caries Veillonella spp: Anticariogenic |
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What are the factors in Caries Development?
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Plaque organisms
Diet (carbs) Time Host factors: teeth, saliva, hygiene |
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What are some ways to diagnose caries?
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Visual:
-White spots, dark, leathery lesions -Cavitation (radiographs) -Quantitative light-induced flourescence -Tactile (probe) -Quantify bacteria (S.mutans, Lactobacillus) |
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How do you treat caries?
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Prevention
Remineralization Removal |
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What is your advice on preventing caries?
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Decrease carb consumption
Control bacteria - aimed at S.mutans Use of sealants Fluoride (caution) |
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As periodontal disease progresses, what are the stages and floral changes that are seen?
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Healthy (G+ cocci),
Chronic gingivitis(less G+ cocci), Chronic periodontitis(G-, strict anaerobes), Aggressive periodonitits(G- bacilli, assoc with genetic defects) |
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What are the s/s of gingivitis?
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Red/swollen gingiva
bleeding halitosis |
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What is the next stage that gingivitis progresses into and what structures does it involve?
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Peridontitis: Connective tissue, bone
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What are the s/s of chronic peridontitis?
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Inflammation
Gingival recession Bleeding Bone loss/tooth migration Halitosis/unpleasant taste |
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What are the bacteria associated with chronic peridontitis?
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Porphromonas gingivalis: G-, black anaerobe, virulence factors (FHHPPO)
Prevotella and Tannerella: saccarolytic Capnocytophaga: G-, capnophilic |
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What are the treatments for chronic periodontitis?
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Mechanical therapy
Oral hygiene Antimicrobial agents |
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What is Aggressive periodontitis?
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Possibly genetic, young Asian/AA female population,
bone loss (no inflammation, bleeding, or plague |
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Aggressive Peridontitis has been associated with what organism?
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Aggregatibacter actinomyecetemcomitans
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What are your reasons for diagnosing ANUG?
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Gingiva:red, shiny, ulcers
Lesions:pseudomembrane Halitosis metallic taste No lymphnodes, fever, malaise |
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What organisms cause ANUG?
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Fusobacterium nucleatum (cigar shaped)
Treponema |
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What is needed to diagnose ANUG?
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Fusobacteria, Spirochetes (Treponema), Leukocytes
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NOMA (Cancrum oris/gangrenous stomatitis) is associated with?
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Severe malnurished
Recent viral/TB infection Permanent dissfigurement |
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What organisms are responsible for dentoalveolar abscess? Treatment?
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Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium
Drain pus + penicillins |
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Your pt has "bull neck" and fever along with a recent history of dental work. Your primary diagnosis is?
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Ludwig's angina
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Your patient reports that it hurts to bite into food, and you think periodontal abscess. What are s/s and pathogenesis of this dx?
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Red, swollen, tender, local infection, pain is continuous or hurts to bite;
Polymicrobial cause |
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What organism is responsible for Cervicofacial Actinomycosis? What are the s/s?
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Actinomyces israelii,
Lumpy jaw, sulphur granules, local swelling, fibrosis |
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Patient comes to you with "cottage cheese curds", difficulty swallowing, and the cells formed pseudohyphae microscopically. What do they have?
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Primary oral candidiasis (Oral thrush)
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An elderly man has a film buildup on his lower jaw and wears dentures. What's the diagnosis?
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Candida associated denture stomatitis
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Patient comes in with lesions on the lips and gums, they dont hurt but are very concerning to the patient. What are you thinking this is?
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HSV-1 (HHV1) or HSV2, but HSV-2 is typically below the waist
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On your pediatric rotation a kid comes in with a sore thumb and some lesions on her face. What is the name of the lesions on her thumb and is this primary or secondary infection?
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Herpetic Whitlow, Primary; HSV is related to the trigeminal ganglion distribution.
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What kind of smear do you perform when suspecting HSV, and what are you looking for?
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Tzanck smear with
Multinucleated Giant Cells Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions |
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Your patient has lesions on his face, that are very painful but do not cross the midline. Your dx?
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VZV (HHV-3)
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What is the presentation of Coxsackie A? and what organism is responsible?
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Herpangina
Hand-foot-mouth disease Aseptic meningitis Enterovirus (eg poliovirus): seasonal, school children, fecal/oral transmission |