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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lydia Rabinowitsch
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Studied the bacteriology, serology, and pathogensesis of tuberculosis.
Demonstrated that attenuated organisms were stable even after passage in guinea pigs and rabbits |
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Giuseppina Cattani
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Produced numerous publications on the bacteriology and immunology of tetanus
Was involved in the means to standardize and commercially produce antitoxins First to cure tetanus in humans |
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Fannie Hesse
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Wife suggested to use agar-agar, a derivative of seaweed which she had been using for fruit and vegetable jellies according to a Javanese recipe long used by her family
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Olga Nikolaevna Belokopitova
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Published important experimental studies of germfree tadpoles
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Mary Bruce
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Her expertise of microscopic techniques, staining methods, and medium preparation contributed significantly to the success of their studies of trypanosmiasis, tsetse flies, and sleeping sickness
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Grace Coleridge Frankland
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Were among the first to chemically analyze fermentation and the ability of soil bacteria to form and reduce nitrates.
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Aristotle
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First described spontaneous generation- the belief that nonliving matter could spontaneously give rise to living organisms
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Martinus Beijerink
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Isolated bacteria that trap nitrogen in the soil and make it available to plants for growth
Developed many types of lab medias for environmental biology |
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Ernst Chain & Hoard Florey
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pathologist Florey & biochemist Chain purified penicillin & carried out clinical trials that showed the antimicrobial properties of penicillin
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Max Dulbruck & Salvador Luria
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showed that E.coli could develop spontaneous mutations that led to resistance to bacteriophage infection
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Paul Ehrlich
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1910, synthesized an arsenic based compound, 606, found to be an effective treatment of syphilis
f) the first "magic bullet" - a chemical that would search out & destroy pathogens |
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Alexander Fleming
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isolated mold & identified it as a species of Penicillium
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Girolamo Fracastoro
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postulated that disease was transmitted by invisible particles or seeds
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Jan Baptista van Helmont
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He observed that rats originate from wheat bran and old rags
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Dimitri Ivanowsky
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Studied tobacco moasaic disease from
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Zacharias Janssen
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Invention of the modern microscope
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Edward Jenner
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used cowpox virus to protect against smallpox.
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Robert Koch
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Verified germ theory of disease
Developed cultivation methods for bacteria Isolated bacterium that causes tuberculosis Developed staining methods for bacteria Investigated cholera, malaria, sleeping sickness Koch’s Postulates |
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Anton van Leewenhoek
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Hobby was grinding lenses & building microscopes, & examining samples from various sources. First described bacteria.
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Joseph Lister
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credited with the establishment of aseptic technique - the procedure of destroying or removing viable microorganisms from the environment
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John Needham
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Boiled several tubes of gravy & sealed the tubes with corks
Observed the gravies with a microscope, saw "animicules", supports spontaneous generation |
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Louis Pasteur
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Proposed germ theory of disease
Disproved theory of spontaneous generation Developed immunization techniques Resolved pebrine problem of silkworms Developed rabies vaccine |
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Julius Petri
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Invented the Petri dish
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Francesco Redi
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Believed that flies had reproductive organs & when they landed on pieces of exposed meat, they lay their invisible eggs, these hatch into visible maggots
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Howard Ricketts
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Showed that ticks transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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Ignaz Semmelweis
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suggested the mode of disease transmission was from the hands of the physician to maternity patient, source of the infection were cadavers physicians previously performed autopsies on
showed that hand washing in chlorinated water prevented the spread |
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John Snow
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cholera outbreak in London
c) carried out one of the first epidemiological studies d) plotted the location of each cholera case on a London map e) traced the source of the outbreak to a sewage-contaminated public water pump f) enacted one of the first public health measures to stop disease transmission - had the water pump’s handle removed |
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Lazzaro Spallanzani
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Disputed spontaneous generation
Boiled flasks of meat & vegetable broths for longer periods & sealed the flasks Also set up a control experiment - left some of the flasks open to the air, others stoppered with loose fitting corks & some boiled only briefly |
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Sergius Winograsky
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Discovered that certain bacteria could metabolize sulfur while other bacteria could use carbon dioxide to synthesize carbohydrates, much as plants do in photosynthesis
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