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61 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Growth
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Increases in the # of cells in the population rather than an increase in the size of the individual cell
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moderate
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2-8% oxygen tolerant
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Advantage to Standard plate count
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counting only viable cells, high or low cell #s
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maximum growth temp
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highest temp to supprt growth
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chemotrophs
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use oxidating of the organic carbon for energy animals, protozoans, fungi, & many bacteria
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mesophiles
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20-455 C opt 30s
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Advantage to periodic subcultures
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always readily available
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psychrotoph
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0-30C
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photoheterotroph
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use light and photosynthesis as energy source *unique to bacteria
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thermophiles
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45 C and up opt 50s
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Advantage to low temp holding method
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No change due to mutation
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psychrophiles
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0 - 20 opt in the teens
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Ph optimum for akalophiles
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above 8
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minimum growth temp
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Lowest temp to support growth
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Disadvantages to periodic subcultures
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changes can occur due to mutation
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aerotolerant
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do not use oxygen but are not harmed by it
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Decline or Death phase
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cell death greater then cell division generation time even longer. Environment becomes more unfavorable.
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microalrophilic
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requires oxygen at a low concentration 5%
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Spectometer shines what kind of light?
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monochromatic light through the sample
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optimum growth temperature
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Best temp for growth
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Growth Rate
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exponential (doubles in size)
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analrobes
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grow without oxygen and may be harmed by its presence
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Disadvantages to ATCC
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expensive and not readily available
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facilitatives
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grow weather oxygen is present or not
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Generation time
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time it takes for population to double varys depending on organism and condition
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strict
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tolerate 0.5% of oxygen or less
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Turbidity will increase?
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When the cells increase
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obligat arobe
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requires oxygen
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Disadvantages for Petroff-Hauser
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cant always determine if the cells are dead or alive, not very useful for low cell #
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thermoduric
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able to withstand high temperatures non conclusive and non growing only survive
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What do you use to measure turbidity?
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spectrophometer
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photoheterotroph
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use light and photosynthesis as energy source *unique to bacteria
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Advantages to lyphilization
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no change due to mutation, easily shipped to other people or labs
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chemolithotropes
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energy from oxidation of inorganic nutrients NH4, NO2, Fe, and S, compounds *unique to bacteria
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Advantage to Turbidity
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immediate result
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Ecoli
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37 C g.t. = 20 mins
20 C g.t. = 30 mins |
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Preservation of cultures
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transfer to new growth environment (culture medium)
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Lag phase ( no growth occuring)
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period of adjustment when introduced to new environment (amount of time depends on previous environment)
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Disadvantages for standard plate count
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actual # may be greater than the # you count due to assumptions, cloudiness: consider the growth environment medium, temp, and O2 requirements
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Direct microscopic count
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stain smear sample & count # of cells
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Disadvantages to turbidity
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cant tell if cells are dead or alive, it is an indirect method and you must also uase a direct method at least once usually 1st time
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CFSU
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colony forming units per 1 ml
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lyophilization
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Freeze drying (long term) High concentration of cells --- freeze 70 C --- remove H2o under vaccuum --- open vile --- transfer to growth medium --- incubate --- you will have the culture again
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Carbon source - biosynthesis & primary energy source
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O2 (inorganic) or organic
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ATCC
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American Typ Culture Collection (purchase cultures)
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Exponential or log phase
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Most active growth population doubling at amximum generation
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Low temp holding method
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Freeze high concentration of cells --- 70 C hold at 70 C --- thaw --- transfer
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Advantages for Petroff-Hauser
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immeidate results, minimul equipment needed, observe morphology
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Nutritional group
Lithotroph (autotroph) |
"rock eating" grow on inorganic nutrients
carbon source O2 |
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Growth curve in Life Cycle population
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Life cycle of batch culture
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Other nutritional requirements
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water, and maybe growth factors such as vitamins, and amino acids
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Standard plate count method
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dilute sample --- plate onto agar --- incubate --- count colonies
assume that 1 cell = 1 colony alla cells will grow # of colonies * dilution = # of CFSus per ml |
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Nitrogen source - biosynthesis
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NH4 inorganic or organic
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Inorganic compounds and trace elements
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SO4 sulfate, PO4, CA, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, NaCl
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Ph optimum for acidophiles
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below 6
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photolithotropes
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use light and photosynthesis as energy source (plants, algae, bacteria)
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PH optimum for neutrophiles
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6.5 - 7.5
range 4-9 |
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Stationary phase
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Cell division and cell death are equal, due to decreased in nutrients. Also have build-up of waste (unfavorable environment). Generation time gets longer.
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Heterotroph
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require organic carbon
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hemocytometer
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used to count eucaryotic cells
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Petroff-Hauser way to count bacteria
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1mm area of slide filled with sample --- count areas of slide --- calculate --- # of cells per mm in sample
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