Microbiology 202 Exam I...random Terms

Front 1

What are the main structures of Fungi?

Back 1

Eukaryotic, contain Chitin, they are dimorphic

Front 2

Genetics in Fungi

Back 2

Gene exchange during meiosis gives diversity, contain introns and exons

Front 3

Reproduction in Fungi

Back 3

generally via modified hyphae that form reproductive spores
sexual:fusion of haploid nuclei
asexual: binary fission, budding, fragmentation of hyphal elements, spores

Front 4

what happens as a result f fragmentation of hyphal elements?

Back 4

arthrospores formed directly from hyphal fragmentation;
chlaymdospores formed from directly hyphal fragmentation, but surrounded by a thick wall

Front 5

blastophores

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spores formed directly from "mother" cell from budding

Front 6

Physiology of Fungi

Back 6

aerobic, asorptive nutrition, most mesophilic, pH optimum around 5.5

Front 7

Why are Fungi important?

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they are saprophytic, they decompose; they are symbiotic, such as w/lichens; they are important commerically in the food industry

Front 8

Chytridiomycota (Fungi)

Back 8

globe-shaped cells with rhizoids, sexual and asexual, saprophytic decomposers, parasitic

Front 9

Oomycota (Fungi)

Back 9

egg fungi or water molds
morphology: finely branced hyphal filaments w/cellulose
sexual/asexual; sexual w/eggs
parasitic: tobacco blue mold
saprophytic aquatic decomposers

Front 10

Zygomycota (Fungi)

Back 10

zygosporangium-forming fungi
mycelial, sexual reproduction via zygospores, asexual w/spores
saprophytic decomposers, used commercially i.e. contraceptives, meat tenderizers

Front 11

Ascomycota (Fungi)

Back 11

sac fungi, dimorphic, sexual ascospores, asexual conidiospores
saprophytic decomposers in soil, morels are edible, one is used to make LSD.

Front 12

Basidiomycota (Fungi)

Back 12

Club Fungi, dimorphic, sexual reproduction by basidospores, asexual by budding, fragmentation and spores.
saprophytic decomposer in soil, parasitic at times

Front 13

Deuteromycota (Fungi)

Back 13

Fungi imperfectii, mycelial with septate (perforated), branched hyphae, asexual conidiospores, no observed sexual
penicillin: cheese formation etc.

Front 14

ATPsynthase

Back 14

membrane-bound molecule which "uses" the protein-gradient to form ATP.

Front 15

antenna pigments

Back 15

membrane/protein-associated that collect light energy, then transfer excitons to reaction center pigments by inductive resonance

Front 16

Structure of Archaea

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Prokaryotic
Membranes w/ETHER linkages in lipid
Cell Wall, Ribosomes, Chromosomes, plasmids, granules, capsules, flagella

Front 17

Cell wall of Archaea

Back 17

gram positive or gram negative; lacks petidoglycan
pseudopeptidoglycan instead
polysaccharide: thick polymersmannose, galactose, etc.
glycoprotein and protein

Front 18

glycoprotein

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found in archaea, negatively charged proteins with many acidic residues "decorated" with polymers of glucose, glucoseamine, mannose, galactose, ribose and arabinose

Front 19

Ribosomes in Archaea

Back 19

more like eukaryotes than bacteria
small RNA/protein particles

Front 20

DNA in Archaean Chromosomes

Back 20

have 1/3 to 1/2 the DNA that a bacterial chromosome would in E.Coli

Front 21

Genetics in Archaea

Back 21

Gene Exchange by plasmids bia transduction
Operons most like present
Introns like in Eukarya
RNA polymerases that behave like Eukarya

Front 22

Reproduction in Archaea

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asexual via binary fission, budding, and fragmentation

Front 23

Physical requirements of Archaea

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temperature- most thermophiles
oxygen- aerobic or anaerobic
pH- many "prefer" acid conditions
salts- some extreme halophiles

Front 24

Absorptive Nutrition of Archaea

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some require growth factors
organotrophic
lithotrophic
phototrophic- synthesize ATP using a bacteriorhodospin system

Front 25

Metabolism of Archaea

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use TCA cycle and electron transport system(halophiles, thermophiles)
ATP synthesis via chemiosmotic mechanisms and substrate-level phosphorylation

Front 26

Extreme Thermophiles

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Thermoplasma, Sulfolobus, temperature optima >50C

Front 27

Metanogens (archaea)

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generally found in anaerobic environments rich in organic matter

Front 28

Importance of Archaea

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Reduced carbon souirce
symbionts (i.e. rumen of cattle)
saprophytic (decomposers)

Front 29

Geology of the Earth

Back 29

inner core- cystalline iron and nickel
outercore- liquid layer: molten iron, oxygen and sulfur
mantle- semi-liquid layer of Si, Al, Mg
crust- solid layer of mainly silicates