Microbiology 1 (Brock 10Th Ed.)

Front 1

The fundamental unit of living matter

Back 1

Cell

Front 2

The fluid portion of the cell, bounded by the cell membrane but excluding the nucleus (if present)

Back 2

cytoplasm

Front 3

the hereditary material of cells and some viruses

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DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 4

the study of organisms in their natural environments

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ecology

Front 5

organisms plus their nonliving environment

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ecosystem

Front 6

a method for isolating microorganisms from nature using specific culture media and incubation conditions

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enrichment culture

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protein catalysts that function to speed up chemical reactions

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enzymes

Front 8

change in a line of descent over time leading to the production of new species or varieties within a species

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evolution

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the location in an environment where a microbial population resides

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habitat

Front 10

all biochemical reactions in a cell

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metabolism

Front 11

a microscopic organism consisting of a single cell or cell cluster, including viruses

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microorganism

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a disease-causing microorganism

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pathogen

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a cell lacking a nucleus and other organelles

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prokaryote

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a culture containing a single type of microorganism

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pure culture

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involved in protein synthesis as messenger __, transfer __, and ribosomal __

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ribonucleic acid - RNA

Front 16

the hypothesis that living organisms can originate from nonliving matter

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spontaneous generation

Front 17

absence of all living organisms and viruses

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sterile

Front 18

the study of microorganisms including viruses

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microbiology

Front 19

fundamental unit of life

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cell

Front 20

the barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside

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plasma membrane

Front 21

where the genetic information, DNA, needed to make more cells is stored

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nucleus (eukaryotic cells)/nucleoid (prokaryotic cells)

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the four chemical components of cells, collectively called macromolecules.

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proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides

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characteristics of living things (6)

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metabolism
reproduction (growth)
differentiation
communication
movement
evolution

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composed of groups of related cells, generally derived by successive cell divisions from a single parent cell

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populations

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populations of cells living and interacting with other populations of cells

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microbial communities

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A coding function of the cell - DNA undergoes ___ to yield more DNA

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replication

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a coding function of the cell - DNA undergoes ___ to yield RNA

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transcription

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a coding function of the cell - RNA undergoes ___ to yield protein

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translation

Front 29

genetic information from DNA + protein + ATP + precursors of macromolectules = ___

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reproduction (growth)

Front 30

living organisms together with all the physical and chemical constituents of their environment constitute an

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ecosystem

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rather small cells that lack a nucleus and also called bacteria; consitute a major portion of biomass on the earth

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prokaryotes

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plant group which lives in close association with bacteria and forms nodules on roots

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legumes

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energy stored in living organsims

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biomass

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special digestive organ in some farm animals that contain microorganisms to carry out digestion

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rumen

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discipline of science concerned with artificial manipulation of genes and their products.

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genetic engineering

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use of microorganisms in large scale industrial processes

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biotechnology

Front 37

described fruiting structures of molds ~1664

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Robert Hooke

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first person to see microorganisms in detail ~1684, utilized a crude self-made microscope to see things as small as bacteria

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Leeuwnhoek

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credited w/ founding of bacteriology, discovered genus bacillus

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Ferdinand Cohn

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opponent of spontaneous generation, used experiments with bend flask to disprove

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Pasteur

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developed germ theory of disease and four postulates of proving a specific microorganism causes a specific disease

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Koch

Front 42

formulated concept of enrichment culture, described basic tenets of virology, isolated pure cultures of nitrogen-fixing bacteria

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beijerinck

Front 43

isolated pure cultures of nitrifying bacteria clearly showing process of nitrification

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winogradsky