Microbio: Nosocomial Infections

Front 1

MC infections:
urinary tract

Back 1

Escherichia coli; Enterococci;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 2

MC infections:
surgical wound

Back 2

Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli

Front 3

MC infections:
lower resp tract

Back 3

Klebsiella;
Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 4

MC infections:
cutaneous

Back 4

7% Staphylococcus aureus

Front 5

MC infections:
primary bacteremia

Back 5

staph aureus
e coli
klebsiella

Front 6

most common bacterial pathogens include

Back 6

e coli are MC
staph aureus are the MC

account for 25-30% of all nosocomial infections


gram pos (staph aureus MRSA)
coag neg staph:
staph epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis

Front 7

Common Gram-negative Nosocomial Bacteria:

Back 7

Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus species
Klebsiella species
Bacteroides fragilis (s

Front 8

Most Common Fungal Nosocomial Pathogens:

Back 8

Candida species
Aspergillus species (environmental)

Front 9

what is the right way to wash your hands

Back 9

Wet your hands with clean running water (warm or cold) and apply soap.
Rub your hands together to make a lather and scrub them well; be sure to scrub the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails.
Continue rubbing your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer? Hum the "Happy Birthday" song from beginning to end twice.
Rinse your hands well under running water.
Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry.

Front 10

The presence of a new pneumonia that occurs after between 5 days and one week of hospitalization and
That resembles a bacterial pneumonia on the chest x-ray

Back 10

nosocomial pneumonia

Front 11

risk factors for NP

Back 11

• Severe acute or chronic illnesses
• Prolonged hospitalization and/or preoperative period
• Cigarette smoking
• Central nervous system dysfunction or Coma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Diabetes mellitus
• Alcoholism

Respiratory Failure
• Advanced age
• Poor infection control practices
—Not washing hands or changing gloves between patients
—Contaminated respiratory therapy devices and equipment
• Prolonged or complicated surgery, especially thoracoabdominal procedures
• Endotracheal tubes, Nasogastric tubes and Enteral feedings
• Prolonged and inappropriate use of antibiotics

Front 12

mechanisms of infection of NP

Back 12

Primary inhalation pneumonia develops when these organisms bypass normal respiratory defense mechanisms or when the patient inhales organisms that colonize the upper respiratory tract or respiratory support equipment.

>Aspiration pneumonia occurs when the patient aspirates colonized upper respiratory tract secretions.
>The stomach appears to be an important reservoir of gram-negative bacilli that can ascend, colonizing the respiratory tract.

>Hematogenously acquired infections originate from a distant source and reach the lungs via the blood stream. In bacteremic NP, blood cultures frequently are positive if obtained early in the disease process and if the patient is not already receiving antimicrobial therapy.

Front 13

The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system reports that NP accounts for ___% of all nosocomial infections in intensive care units.
The mortality rate reaches to ____.
The increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens in hospitals has contributed to the seriousness of these infections because they are inherently difficult to treat

Back 13

31%


20-50%

Front 14

HOW CAN YOU TELL A COAGULASE TEST IS POSITIVE?

Back 14

YOU GET COAGULATION / CLUMPING INTO A GELL EITHER IN SOLUTION OR ON A SLIDE (RAPID TEST)

Front 15

CATALASE TEST IS POSITIVE WHEN

Back 15

YOU SEE BUBBLES