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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
MC infections:
urinary tract
Escherichia coli; Enterococci;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
MC infections:
surgical wound
Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli
MC infections:
lower resp tract
Klebsiella;
Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
MC infections:
cutaneous
7% Staphylococcus aureus
MC infections:
primary bacteremia
staph aureus
e coli
klebsiella
most common bacterial pathogens include
e coli are MC
staph aureus are the MC

account for 25-30% of all nosocomial infections


gram pos (staph aureus MRSA)
coag neg staph:
staph epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis
Common Gram-negative Nosocomial Bacteria:
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus species
Klebsiella species
Bacteroides fragilis (s
Most Common Fungal Nosocomial Pathogens:
Candida species
Aspergillus species (environmental)
what is the right way to wash your hands
Wet your hands with clean running water (warm or cold) and apply soap.
Rub your hands together to make a lather and scrub them well; be sure to scrub the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails.
Continue rubbing your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer? Hum the "Happy Birthday" song from beginning to end twice.
Rinse your hands well under running water.
Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry.
The presence of a new pneumonia that occurs after between 5 days and one week of hospitalization and
That resembles a bacterial pneumonia on the chest x-ray
nosocomial pneumonia
risk factors for NP
• Severe acute or chronic illnesses
• Prolonged hospitalization and/or preoperative period
• Cigarette smoking
• Central nervous system dysfunction or Coma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Diabetes mellitus
• Alcoholism

Respiratory Failure
• Advanced age
• Poor infection control practices
—Not washing hands or changing gloves between patients
—Contaminated respiratory therapy devices and equipment
• Prolonged or complicated surgery, especially thoracoabdominal procedures
• Endotracheal tubes, Nasogastric tubes and Enteral feedings
• Prolonged and inappropriate use of antibiotics
mechanisms of infection of NP
Primary inhalation pneumonia develops when these organisms bypass normal respiratory defense mechanisms or when the patient inhales organisms that colonize the upper respiratory tract or respiratory support equipment.

>Aspiration pneumonia occurs when the patient aspirates colonized upper respiratory tract secretions.
>The stomach appears to be an important reservoir of gram-negative bacilli that can ascend, colonizing the respiratory tract.

>Hematogenously acquired infections originate from a distant source and reach the lungs via the blood stream. In bacteremic NP, blood cultures frequently are positive if obtained early in the disease process and if the patient is not already receiving antimicrobial therapy.
The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system reports that NP accounts for ___% of all nosocomial infections in intensive care units.
The mortality rate reaches to ____.
The increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens in hospitals has contributed to the seriousness of these infections because they are inherently difficult to treat
31%


20-50%
HOW CAN YOU TELL A COAGULASE TEST IS POSITIVE?
YOU GET COAGULATION / CLUMPING INTO A GELL EITHER IN SOLUTION OR ON A SLIDE (RAPID TEST)
CATALASE TEST IS POSITIVE WHEN
YOU SEE BUBBLES