Microbio Exam 4 Bacterial

Front 1

Otitis Media (middle ear infection) - bacterial

Back 1

Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis.

Front 2

Otitis Media (middle ear infection) - viral

Back 2

measles, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial (RSV) viruses (RSV)

Front 3

Pink Eye (bacterial conjunctivitis)

Back 3

Haemophilus influenzae, Strep pneumoniae

Front 4

Chlamydial Conjunctivitis (inclusion conjunctivitis, paratrachoma) and Trachoma

Back 4

Chlamydia trachomatis

Front 5

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis (Gonorrheal Ophthalmia Neonatorum)

Back 5

Neisseria gonorrhoeae = gonococcus or GC

Front 6

Diphtheria

Back 6

Corynebacterium diphtheriae - transmission occurs via airborne droplets, direct contact, contaiminated fomites raw milk)

Front 7

Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)

Back 7

Streptococcus pyogenes - transmission is human-to-human by direct contact, usually hands; also via aerosol droplets

Front 8

Pneumonia

Back 8

Gram + or Gram - bacteria, mycoplasmas, chlamydias, ciruses, fungi or protozoa. Community-acquired is most frequently caused by Strep pneumoniae <---- most common cause of pneumonia in the world

Front 9

Legionellosis (legionnaire'sdisease, pontiac fever)

Back 9

Legionella pneumophila, Gram - bacillus; transmission is via ponds, air-conditioning systems, hot tubs, etc.

Front 10

Mycoplasma pneumonia (primary atypical pneumonia)

Back 10

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - tiny, Gram - bacteria, no cell walls, transmission via droplet inhalation, direct contact with infected person, or contaminated articles

Front 11

Tuberculosis (Tb)

Back 11

primarily mycobacterium tuberculosis - slow-growing acid-fast, gram positive to gram variabile bacillus)

Ocassionally other mycobacterium spp. - transmission occurs primarily via infected humans (airborne droplets)

Front 12

Whooping cough (pertussis)

Back 12

Bordatella pertussis

Front 13

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) - trench mouth

Back 13

synergistic infection involving 2 or more species of anaerobic bacteria of the indigenous oral microflora

Front 14

Bacterial Gastritis and Ulcers

Back 14

Helicobacter pylori, Gram neg. bacisllus

transmission ingestion

H. pylori-diagnostic, antibioitic for tx

Front 15

Campylobacter Enteritis

Back 15

Campylobacter jejuni (less common, C. Coli)

Transmision via animals (poultry, sheep, swine, rodents, puppies, pets)

Front 16

Cholera

Back 16

- certain types of Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 Gram neg. bacillus

- transmission occurs via infected humans and aquatic reserviors; fecal oral route

Front 17

Salmonellosis

Back 17

Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Gram neg bacilli that invade intestial cells, release endotoxin, and produce cytotoxins and enterotoxins

Transmission via domestic and wild animals, contaiminated food, fecal-oral, food handlers, contaminated water

Front 18

Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)

Back 18

Salmonella typhi (gram - bacillus that releases endotoxin and produce exotoxin)

Transmission occurs via infected humans for typhoid and paratyphoid; some people become carriers after infection (i.e. Typhoid Mary)

Front 19

Shigeollosis (Bacillary Dysentery)

Back 19

Shigella dystenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei; nonmotile gram neg bacilli, members of family enterobacteriaceae

Tranmision via infected human

Front 20

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) Diarrhea

Back 20

E. coli 0157:H7 is most commonly involved

Transmission occurs via cattle feces; also infected humans, fecal-oral route

Front 21

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Diarrhea (traveler's diarrhea)

Back 21

Many different serotypes of enterotoxigenic E. coli

Transmission is via infected humans, fecal-oral

Front 22

UTI - most common

Back 22

Most common are E. Coli and other Enterobacteriaceae (esp. Proteus and Klebsiella)

Front 23

UTI - other common causes

Back 23

Enterococcus spp, Staphylogoccus spp (esp. S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 24

UTI two types

Back 24

healthcare-associated UTIs

community-acquired UTIs

Front 25

Genital Chlamydial Infections (genital chamydiasis)

Back 25

direct sexual contact, or mother-to-neonate during birth

Front 26

Gonorrhea

Back 26

Neisseria gonorrhoeae; a Gram - diplococcus

mucous membrane-to-mucous membrane contact

Front 27

Syphilis

Back 27

Treponema pallidum; gram-variable, tightly-coied; seem by darkfield microscopy

usually sexual contact; also blood transfusions and transplacentally from mother to fetus

Front 28

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (tickborne typhus fever)

Back 28

Rickettsia rickettsii; gram negative bacterium; obligate intracellular pathogen

transmission occurs via infected ticks on dogs, rodents, and other animals

Front 29

Endemic Typhus Fever (Murine Typhus Fever, Fleaborne Typhus)

Back 29

Rickettsia typhi; a gram negative bacterium; an obligate intracellular pathogen

Transmission occurs via rats, mice, possibly other mammals, infected rat fleas

Front 30

Epidemic Typhus Fever (Lousborne typhus)

Back 30

Rickettsia prowazekii; gram negative bacterium; obligate intracelluar pathogen

Reservoirs are infected humans and body lice

Front 31

Erlichiosis

Back 31

Gram negative coccobacilli, closely related to ricketsias; obligate intraleukocytic pathogens

Reservoir unkonwn; transmission is via tick bite

Front 32

Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis)

Back 32

Borrelia burgdorferi; a gram negative, loosely coiled spirochete

Transmission is via tick bite

Front 33

Plague (Black Death, Bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicemic plague)

Back 33

Yersinia pestis; a non-motile, bipolar-staining, Gram negative coccobacillus

Transmission is via wild rodents and their fleas (flea bite)

Front 34

Tularemia (rabbit fever)

Back 34

Francisella tularensis; a pleomorphic, Gram negative coccobacillus

Transmission is tick bite; with rabbits

Front 35

Listeriosis

Back 35

Listeria monocytogenes; gram positive coccobacillus

transmission occurs via ingestion of raw or contaiminated milk, soft cheeses, vegetables

Front 36

Tetanus (lockjaw)

Back 36

Clostridium tetani; a motile, gram positive anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus

Transmission occurs via spores of C. tetani entering a puncture wound, burn, or needlestick by contamination with soil, dust, or feces

Front 37

Acne

Back 37

Propionibacterium acnes and other Propionnibacterium spp; anaerobic Gram + bacilli

Front 38

Anthrax, Woolsorter's Disease

Back 38

Bacillus anthracis; a spore-forming, Gram + bacillus

Front 39

Gas Gangrene (Myonecrosis)

Back 39

anaerobic bacteria in the genus Clostridium, especially C. perfringens

Front 40

Leprosy (Hansen Disease)

Back 40

Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast bacillus

Front 41

Staphylococcal Skin Infections (folliculitis, furuncles, abscesses, etc.)

Back 41

Staphylococcus aureus, a gram + coccus

Front 42

Streptococcal Skin Infections (Scarlet Fever, Erysipelas, etc.)

Back 42

Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram + coccus

Front 43

Wound infections

Back 43

result when skin barrier is broken

opportunistic indigenous microflora and environmental bacteria can invade and cause local or deep tissue infections

pathogens may spread through blood or lymph, causing serious systemic infections