Microbio Exam 4

Front 1

Which elements have an inorganic reservoir that exists primarily in sedimentary deposits?

Back 1

Nitrogen and phosphorous

Front 2

I – Nitrogen fixing organisms
II – Symbiotic Bacteria
a. All members of I are members of II, but not all members of II are members of I.
b. All members of II are also members of I, but not all members of I are members of II.
c. All members of I are members of II and all members of II are members of I.
d. No member of I is also a member of II
e. Some members of I are members of II and some are not and some members of II are members of I and some are not.

Back 2

Some members of I are members of II and some are not and some members of II are members of I and some are not.

Front 3

I – Parasitic Organisms
II – Bacteria
a. All members of II are also members of I, but not all members of I are members of II.
b. Some members of I are members of II and some are not and some members of II are members of I and some are not.
c. All members of I are members of II and all members of II are members of I.
d. All members of I are members of II, but not all members of II are members of I.
e. No member of I is also a member of II.

Back 3

Some members of I are members of II and some are not and some members of II are members of I and some are not.

Front 4

While nitrification converts ammonia to nitrate the process of _______ converts nitrate to nitrogen gas.

Back 4

Denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction

Front 5

The anammox reaction is characteristic of

Back 5

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation

Front 6

Select the correct definition of an ecosystem:

Back 6

Communities of organisms and their physical and chemical environments that function as self-regulating units.

Front 7

Which is NOT true for exotoxins?
a. Highly toxic and fatal in nanogram quanities
b. Highly antigenic
c. Toxoids are used to immunize
d. Found mostly in gram negative bacteria

Back 7

Found mostly in gram negative bacteria

Front 8

Sulfonamides are:

Back 8

Broad spectrum antibiotics
Antimetabolites
Bacteriostatic

Front 9

Which of the following does not inhibit protein synthesis?
a. Polymyxins
b. Tetracycline
c. Ertythromycin
d. Chloranphenicol

Back 9

Polymyxins

Front 10

Why are viral infections especially difficult to treat?

Back 10

Because they rely upon their host cells for the majority of their metabolic functions

Front 11

All of the following are examples of mutualistic relationships except:
a. Protozoan-termite
b. Algal-fungal interactions in lichens
c. Zooxanthellae and corals in coral reefs
d. Legionella in the lungs of the host

Back 11

Legionella in the lungs of the host

Front 12

Which of the following are important characteristics of a microorganism suitable to be used to determine water contamination?

Back 12

Do not reproduce in waters – the detection methods to determine its presence are easy to perform – present in all kinds of waters.

Front 13

An opportunistic pathogen is:

Back 13

A microorganism that is free living or part of the host’s normal microbiota but can become pathogenic under certain circumstances.

Front 14

Identify the three potential results of a Biodegration process:

Back 14

minor change – fragmentation – mineralization

Front 15

The designation “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS) is given to:

Back 15

microorganisms and some preservatives used in food.

Front 16

Bacteria can become resistant to drugs by:

Back 16

- by increasing the expression/activity of efflux pumps
- chemically modifying the antimicrobial
- altering the structure of the target
- using an alternative pathway to bypass the inhibitor step

Front 17

All of the following are examples of NEGATIVE symbiosis except:
a. commensalism
b. parasitism
c. amensalism
d. competition
e. predation

Back 17

commensalism

Front 18

The methodology of microbial ecology includes

Back 18

- enrichment and isolation
- specific and nonspecific cell-staining
- gene isolation and characterization

Front 19

The “ideal” antimicrobial drug

Back 19

has high theraputic index

Front 20

Probiotics are defined as:

Back 20

- Microbial dietary adjuvants
- Microbes added to the diet in order to provide health benefits
- Microbes that can be used to restore the microbiota after diarrhea

Front 21

In controlling food spoilage, the technique of choice is refrigeration at 5° Celsius.
a. True
b. False

Back 21

true

Front 22

In food fermentation, the main microbial products is/are:
a. Lactic Acid
b. Propionic acid
c. Ethanol
d. A, B and C are correct
e. None is correct.

Back 22

A, B and C are correct

Front 23

The majority of the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere is derived from processes carried out by what group of microorganisms?

Back 23

photosynthetic organisms

Front 24

Ecologically fungi are important because
I- they act as decomposers and aid in nutrient cycling.
II- are a major cause of plant diseases.

A. I only is true
B. II only is true Incorrect
C. Both I and II are true
D. Neither I nor II are true

Back 24

I only is true

Front 25

______ is the process in which organic matter is decomposed to release simpler, inorganic compounds

Back 25

mineralization

Front 26

An obligatory association between two different species that is beneficial to both populations of organisms is

Back 26

mutualistic

Front 27

Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter interactions in the nitrogen cycle where Nitrosomonas oxidizes ammonium ions to nitrite and Nitrobacter oxidizes nitrite to nitrate is an example of

Back 27

commensalism

Front 28

Which of the following is not recycled in an ecosystem?

A. Sulfur
B. Nitrogen
Correct
C. Energy
D. Carbon

Back 28

Energy

Front 29

Pathogenicity island is

Back 29

a cluster of genes encoding several proteins related with pathogenicity

Front 30

The human epidermis is sterile but it could be used by pathogenic bacteria as a way of entry to our body

True
False

Back 30

false

Front 31

2.0/ 2.0 Points
A bacterial toxin that has been modified, so it is not longer toxic but will still stimulate the antitoxin production when it is injected in the appropriated host is called:

Back 31

toxoid

Front 32

Pathogenicity islands are not present in nonpathogenic members of the same genus or species

True
False

Back 32

true

Front 33

Which is true for endotoxins?

A. Highly toxic and fatal in microgram quantities
B. Highly antigenic
C. Usually binds to specific cellular receptors
D. Found mostly in Gram-negative bacteria
E. Toxoids are used to immunize

Back 33

Found mostly in Gram-negative bacteria

Front 34

For a bacterial pathogen to be successful in growth and reproduction, it must find which of the following?

A. Appropriate nutrients
B. Appropriate pH
C. Appropriate temperature
D. Appropriate redox potential
E. All of the above

Back 34

All of the above