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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gram positive cocci |
Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermis Strep pyogenes Strep agalactiae Strep viridans Strep pneumonia
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Organism: Staphylococcus aureus (Disease and Introduction) |
Disease: multiple Introduction: Gram positive cocci arranged in grape-like or irregular clusters. Gold colored colonies. - asymptomatically in 20-40% adults -50-70% nosocomial -Produce coagulase (+): which enhances its virulence. - Thermophile: heat resistant for 60* for 30 minutes. Resistant to desiccation. |
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Staphylococcus aureus (Pathogenicity) |
TSS: toxic shock syndrome: - tampons - Exotoxins - Fever, rash, desquamation Gastroenteritis: - food poisoning toxemia - Enterotoxin - Starchy food - Heat stable Scalded skin syndrome: - Diffusible exotoxin - Infants and children under the age 5 Skin infections Folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles - Impetigo: epidermal infection causing crust, scabs and fever Wound infections: most common nosocomial Osteomyelitis: Rare bone infection Enteritis Pneumonia Infective endocarditis Pyogenic arthritis
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Staphylococcus Aureus (Diagnosis, treatment, prevention) |
Dx: - coagulase test - Ferments mannitol when grown on Mannitol salt agar - the high salt content inhibits all growth but staphylococcus. Rx: Antibiotics Prevention: Hygiene for wounds Refrigeration of starchy foods |
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MRSA |
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Resistant to methicillin RX: Vancomycin |
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Staphylococcus epidermis (Disease and introduction) |
Disease: opportunistic Intro: Gram positive cocci Normal skin flora Grows white colonies |
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Staphylococcus epidermis (Pathogenicity) |
- Opportunistic Biofilms, IV Caths, eye infections, plaque, prosthetics |
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Staphylococcus epidermis (Management and control) |
- Non chromogenic - Does not ferment on mannitol agar. - Does not produce coagulase Rx: antibiotics
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Pyogenic Streptococci |
- Gram + cocci occulting in chains - put in groups based on C carbohydrate: Lancefield groups. (A-H and K-U) - Cell wall M protein: anti-phagocytic important in virulence. |
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Two types of Lancefield groups? |
(A-H & K-U) Group A: human pathogens Group b: cattle and humans |
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Extracellular products produced by streptococci |
Hylauronidase: (Spreading factor) by digesting hyaluronic acid. Streptokinase: produces but group A. Digests clots allowing bacteria to escape. Pyrogenic exotoxins: Stimulates leukocytes to releases cytokines. Hemolysins: Lyse membranes damages other cells. 1. Streptolysin O 2. Streptolysin S
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Organism: Streptococcus pyogenes, group A Strep (Diseases and intro) |
Gggg |
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Corynebacterium diphtheria (Disease and introduction) |
- Gram positive non spore forming aerobic acid. Club shaped appearance. - Irregularly distributed within the rods are metachromatic granules. (Stain red with blue dye) - Tend to lie parallel or acute angles to each other. - Spread by droplet (respiratory) or direct contact with wounds. |
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Corynebacterium diphtheria (Pathogenicity) |
- Respiratory diphtheria - Diphtheria toxin absorbed into mucous membranes and cause destruction of epithelium - Necrotic epithelium becomes grayish pseudomembrane. - affects organs and nerve damage. - Begins with low grade fever followed by prostration and dyspnea. Cutaneous diphtheria- chiefly occurs in the tropics. |
