Microbio Chapter 23 Microbial Diseases Of The Cardiovascular And Lymphatic Systems

Front 1

Cardiovascular System

Back 1

- Circulates blood through the body's tissues

- Includes the heart and associated arteries, veins and capillaries

- Delivers substances to and removes substances from the cells

Front 2

Lymphatic System

Back 2

- Plasma leaves blood capillaries to become interstitial fluid; can pick up microorganisms and infectious agents

- Capillaries transport fluid to vessels to nodes

Front 3

Macrophages

B Cells

T Cells

Back 3

Lymph Nodes contain these 3 fixed Cells

Front 4

Buboes

Back 4

Swollen lymph nodes

Front 5

Septicemia

Back 5

Acute illness due to the presence of pathogens or their toxins in the blood

Front 6

Sepsis

Back 6

- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

Front 7

Lymphangitis

Back 7

Inflamed lymph vessels

Front 8

Severe sepsis

Back 8

- When Systemic inflammatory response syndrome progresses, there is decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one organ

Front 9

Septic shock

Back 9

- Sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

- Always by gram negative bacteria

- Response is very fast

Front 10

1. Inflammation
2. Septic shock
3. Death
4. 1 million
5. Septicemia

Back 10

The response of defense can be extremely fast sometimes causing release of chemicals into the blood leading to _____1______ of the entire body. In very severe cases, ____2____ can develop, causing ____3_____. According to the data given by CDC,every year around ____4____ deaths occur in the USA due to ____5____.

Front 11

1. Septicemia
2. fever
3. fast heart rate
4. breathing
5. organs
6. low blood pressure
7. septic shock

Back 11

There are 3 stages of ___1___. The first stage is mild with mild symptoms like __2__ and ___3___. The second stage involves ___4___ problems and malfunctioning of the __5__ can occur. In the third/final stage, the condition becomes very severe, causing very ____6____ and ___7___.

Front 12

1. Endotoxin shock

2. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

3. blood pressure

4. neutralizing

5. cytokines

Back 12

In Gram Negative Sepsis, also called _____1______, ___2___ in cell walls causes severe drop in ___3___. Antibiotics can make it worse by killing bacteria, releasing toxins in cell walls; often not administered to halt progression. Early signs are nonspecific and not esp. alarming. Treatment involves ___4___ the __2__ components and inflammatory-causing __5__.

Front 13

1. Fever
2. 90
3. 101 F
4. respiration
5. urine output
6. platelet count
7. blood pressure
8. breathing
9. heart pumping

Back 13

Symptoms of septicemia start slowly with __1__ and general weakness and progress to severe gradually. There is an increased heart beat, more than __2__ bpm. A high fever above __3__ or chills below 96.8 F. High __4__, more than 20/minute. Very low __5__, __6__ and extremely low __7__, sudden change in mental position, difficulty __8__, increased __9__ and sometimes unconsciousness.

Front 14

Ischemia

Back 14

Loss of blood supply to tissue; wound becomes anaerobic

Front 15

Necrosis

Back 15

- Death of tissue

Front 16

Gangrene

Back 16

- Death of soft tissue

Front 17

Hyperbaric Chamber

Back 17

- Chamber of pure oxygen to treat patients with anaerobic bacterial diseases

Front 18

Multiple sclerosis

Back 18

- Autoimmune attack on the nervous system

Front 19

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 19

- Tumors of the spleen, lymph nodes and liver

Front 20

- Multiple sclerosis

- Hodgkin's Lymphoma

- Nasopharyngeal cancer

- Burkitt's Lymphoma

- Infectious Mononucleosis

Back 20

5 Diseases associated with the Epstein-Barr virus

Front 21

1. Positive

2. Enterococcus faecalis

3. Streptococcus agalactiae

4. Streptococcus pyogenes

5. toxic shock

6. hospital acquired

7. Gastrointestinal

Back 21

Gram ___1___ sepsis is caused by exotoxins produced by the 3 species ___2___, ___3____ and ___4___. These potent exotoxins can cause ___5___ syndrome and are associated to ___6___ infections. Their typical route is through the ___7___ tract.

Front 22

Enterococcus faecalis

Back 22

- Bacteria that causes gram positive sepsis

- Inhabit colon, colonizes wound and urinary tract

- Resistant to many antibiotics

Front 23

Streptococcus agalactiae

Back 23

- GBS - Group B

- Associated with neonatal sepsis

Front 24

Puerperal fever/Childbirth fever

Back 24

- Disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes - Gram Positive Sepsis

- Progresses to an infection of the abdominal cavity (peritonitis)

- Transmitted to mother during childbirth, infects uterus

Front 25

1. Tularemia

2. Francisella tularensi

3. Negative

4. Rod

5. Ulcers

6. Buboes

Back 25

___1___ AKA rabbit fever is caused by ___2___ which is a Gram __3__ __4__. It is transmitted from rabbits, ticks and insects by deer flies. It causes __5__ at site of entry, and __6__ about 1 week after infection.

Front 26

Tularemia "Rabbit Fever"

Back 26

- If left untreated can lead to sepsis and infection of organs; respiratory infection from inhaling dust contaminated by urine or feces of infected animals can cause acute pneumonia with mortality rate>30%

- Zoonotic disease; intracellular phagocytic; mortality usually <3%

Front 27

1. Bacillus anthracis

2. positive

3. endospore

4. aerobic

5. rod

6. Cutaneous

7. Gastrointestinal

8. Inhalational (pulmonary)

Back 27

Anthrax is caused by ___1__ which is a Gram __2__, __3__ forming __4__ (aerotolerance) __5__(shape) found in soil. It has 3 types based on route of entry, __6__, __7__, and ___8___.

Front 28

1. Cutaneous

2. 20

3. Gastrointestinal

4. 50

Back 28

__1__ anthrax is where endospores enter through minor cut, __2__% mortality without treatment. __3__ anthrax comes from ingestion of undercooked, contaminated food with __4__% mortality rate.

Front 29

Pulmonary Anthrax

Back 29

- Caused by gram positive endospore forming aerobic rod

- Inhalation of endospores - bacteria enter bloodstream, progresses into septic shock

- Almost 100% mortality

Front 30

Gas Gangrene

Back 30

- Disease caused by Clostridium perfringens

Front 31

Clostridium perfringens

Back 31

- Gram positive, endospore-forming anaerobic rod

- Grows in necrotic tissue; produces toxins that move along muscle bundles

- Treatment: Surgical removal necrotic tissue or hyperabaric chamber

Front 32

Cat Scratch Disease

Back 32

- Caused by Bartonella henselae

Front 33

Bartonella henelae

Back 33

- Gram negative aerobic

- Forms papule at the infection site and swollen lymph nodes

- Inhabits cat RBCs; carried in the blood of 50% of cats; multiplies in the digestive system of cat fleas; self-limiting

Front 34

Plague

Back 34

- Caused by Yersinia pestis

Front 35

Yersinia pestis

Back 35

- Gram negative rod

- Causes buboes

- Antibiotic prophylaxis for exposure

- endemic to rates, ground squirrels and prairie dogs; bacteria blocks flea's digestive tract; flea bites host and ingested blood is regurgitated into the host; bacteria enter bloodstream and proliferate in the lymph tissue

- Transmitted by rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis)

Front 36

Bubonic Plague

Back 36

- Type of plague with Bacterial growth in the blood and lymph; most common form; 50-75% mortality rate

Front 37

Septicemic Plague

Back 37

- Type of plague that causes septic shock

Front 38

Pneumonic

Back 38

- Type of plague spread by airborne droplets; 100% mortality

Front 39

Lyme Disease

Back 39

- Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 40

Borrelia burgdorferi

Back 40

- Tickborne spiral bacteria

- Cause of most common tickborne disease in U.S.; field mice are the most common reservoir - nymphal stage of the Ixodes tick feeds on mice and infects humans and less likely to be noticed; ticks feed on deer that are not infected; ticks must attach 2-3 days to transfer bacteria; distinctive target shaped rash only occur in ~75% of cases

Front 41

Lyme Disease

Back 41

Phase 1: Bull's eye rash; flulike symptoms. Phase 2: Irregular heartbeat; encephalitis; facial paralysis; memory loss. Phase 3: arthritis due to an immune response (months or years later)

- Diagnosis: ELISA, indirect fluorescent-antibody (FA) test or Western blot; Treatment: Phase 1: antibiotics effective; Phase 2: pacemaker may be necessary; more difficult to treat in later stages with antibiotics

Front 42

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Back 42

- Tickborne typhus

- Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii

Front 43

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Back 43

- 1 week after bite: Measles like rash that appears on palm and soles

- Without early diagnosis mortality rate is 20%

- Spread by wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni) and dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis)

- Treatment: Tetracycline and chloramphenicol

Front 44

Infectious Mononucleosis

Back 44

- Incubation about 4-7 weeks

- Fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged spleen

- Replicates in resting memory B cells to form unusual lobed nuclei and produce heterophile antibodies which are weak and multispecific

- Transmitted via saliva

Front 45

Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalic inclusion disease

Back 45

- 2 Diseases caused by Human herpesvirus 5

Front 46

Human Herpesvirus 5

Back 46

- Virus that is Transmitted sexually, via blood, saliva or transplanted tissue

- Disease: Cytomegalovirus and cytomegalic inclusion disease

Front 47

Cytomegalovirus

Back 47

- Human herpesvirus 5

- may be asymptomatic or mild in adults

- Remains latent in white blood cells; infected cells swell to form owl-eye inclusions

Front 48

Cytomegalic inclusion disease

Back 48

- Human herpesvirus 5

- mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns

- Transmitted across the placenta

Front 49

Toxoplasma gondii

Back 49

- Parasite

- may become chronic infection; primary danger is congenital infection that leads to stillbirth and neurological damage

- undergoes sexual phase in cat intestines and oocytes shed in cat feces; oocysts form trophozoites that invade cells

- contact with cat feces or undercooked meat introduces oocytes to intestines

Front 50

Malaria

Back 50

- Toxic compounds causes paroxysms of chills and fever- undergo schizogony that ruptures the infected RBCs and releases toxic compounds; some merozoites develop into gametocytes and are taken up by a mosquito, repeating the cycle

- Difficult to develop vaccine because plasmodium rapidly mutates and evades an immune response; difficult to diagnose without sophisticated equipment; Prophylaxis: Chloroquine and Malarone for chloroquine-resistant areas; Treatment: Artemisinin; Prevention: Bed nets

Front 51

Malaria

Back 51

- Caused by plasmodium - parasite

Front 52

Plasmodium vivax

Back 52

- Malaria causative agent

- Mildest and most prevalent form; dormant in liver

Front 53

Plasmodium ovale and malariae

Back 53

- Malaria causative agent (2)

- Benign; restricted geographically

Front 54

Plasmodium falciparum

Back 54

- Malaria causative agent

- Most deadly, blocks capillaries, affects the kidneys, liver and brain

- Causes severe anemia

Front 55

Plague

Back 55

Front 56

Lyme Disease

Back 56

Front 57

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Back 57

Front 58

Lyme Disease

Back 58

Front 59

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Back 59

Front 60

Toxoplasmosis

Back 60

Front 61

Malaria

Back 61