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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS is axenic. what is this? What is meningitis?
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In CNS, there is no normal microbiota. MO carried in blood or lymph may penetrate blood-brain barrier… by infecting and killing cells of the meninges, causing meningitis.
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Bacterial Meningitis
what is it? what are symptoms? MO? how treat? |
- inflammatory bacterial infection of meninges.
- high WBC in CSF, sudden high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, pain, drowsiness, confusion, irritability, petechiae. - encephalitis (brain infection) = possible death. - Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenza, Listeria monocytogenes (via food/drink - causes a form of meningitis called Listeriosis), Streptococcus agalactiae (newborns) - spread to meninges from infections of the lungs, sinuses, or inner ear via the blood (bacteremia) - treat fast with antimicrobials. |
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Define
Erythrogenic toxin |
- cause capillary cells to break down, blood diffuses out.
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What is the main source of CNS infections?
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- the bloodstream. bacteremia.
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Is there a vaccine for meningitis?
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- yes for these three:
* meningococcal - caused by Neisseria meningitidis * streptococcal * Haemophilus Influenza |
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What is Koch's Postulate?
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koch's postulate: one bug can cause multiple disease states.
and different bugs can cause the same disease state. |
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What are the two kinds of biological vector transmission?
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1 mechanical: fly walking across food, bug on leg bristles. Host not required by bug as part of its life cycle. just hitchhiking
.2. biological vector transmission: bite. make a blood meal out of you. tick, mosquito, fly |
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CNS is axenic. what is this? What is meningitis?
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In CNS, there is no normal microbiota. MO carried in blood or lymph may penetrate blood-brain barrier… by infecting and killing cells of the meninges, causing meningitis.
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Bacterial Meningitis
what is it? what are symptoms? MO? how treat? |
- inflammatory bacterial infection of meninges.
- high WBC in CSF, sudden high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, pain, drowsiness, confusion, irritability, petechiae. - encephalitis (brain infection) = possible death. - Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenza, Listeria monocytogenes (via food/drink - causes a form of meningitis called Listeriosis), Streptococcus agalactiae (newborns) - spread to meninges from infections of the lungs, sinuses, or inner ear via the blood (bacteremia) - treat fast with antimicrobials. |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Ophthalmia neonatorum
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Naegleria species
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Primary amebic meningoencephalopathy
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Fungal meningitis
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Trachoma
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Rabies Transmission
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- animal bites
- contact with infected animals - inhalation |
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Most common form of meningitis caused by:
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viruses
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Mycolic acid in cell wall of Mycobacterium leprae is responsible for
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- slow growth
- resistance to MO drugs - protection from lysis after phagocytosis NOT NOT protection from antibody recognition. |
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Listeria avoids immune recognition by:
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growing inside of macrophages
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Leading cause of meningitis in adults
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Botulism and Tetanus are:
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both transmitted by endospores
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what is septicemia?
what is occult septicemia? |
pathogens in blood... cause illness
- fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, malaise, mental status changes. - can trigger petechiae or invade bones causing osteomyelitis. occult: cause is hidden |
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what is bacteremia?
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is bacterial septicemia. used interchangeably by most.
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What is septic shock?
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when septicemia progresses.
life threatening - low BP from dilation of blood vessels. |
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What is toxemia?
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bacteria fixed at site of infection, but release toxins into the blood.
living microbes: exotoxins gram - bugs: endotoxins on death (Lipid A) - activate defenses... blood clotting - DIC, cytokine release, TNF, ILs, PAF. |
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What is lymphangitis?
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Inflammation of lymphatic vessels
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What is lymphangitis?
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Red streaks.
seen in sepsis, cellulitis |
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What is the #1 way in for blood borne pathogens?
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oral cavity
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