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176 Cards in this Set
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Associated with infections of every area of the body especially: Urinary Tract, Gi Tract, Wounds, Blood
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enterics
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Glucose fermenters and use glucose anerobically
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Enterobacteriacea
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Facultative anerobes that reduce nitrate to nitrites
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Enterobacteriacea
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Most Enterobacteriacea are motile at body temp. 37*C. The exceptions that are not motile are:
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Shigella
Klebsiella Yersinia |
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associated with the cell wall, heat stable, and ENdotoxin production (E.coli o157)
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O or somatic antigen
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Surrounds cell wall, Heat LABILE
Klebsiella, Salmonella, and E. Coli posses this antigen |
K or envelope antigen
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Found only in the MOTILE enterics: heat Labile and used to serotype Salmonella species
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H or flagella antigen
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Grows on BAP in waves
"swarming" |
Proteus
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Pink colonies on McConkey plate indicate lactose fermenters:
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E.coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
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Associated with infections of every area of the body especially: Urinary Tract, Gi Tract, Wounds, Blood
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enterobacteriaecea
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I
m v c |
indole
methyl red voges-proskauer citrate |
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Glucose fermenters and use glucose anerobically
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Enterobacteriacea
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Facultative anerobes that reduce nitrate to nitrites
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Enterobacteriacea
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Most Enterobacteriacea are motile at body temp. 37*C. The exceptions that are not motile are:
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Shigella
Klebsiella Yersinia |
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associated with the cell wall, heat stable, and ENdotoxin production (E.coli o157)
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O or somatic antigen
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Surrounds cell wall, Heat LABILE
Klebsiella, Salmonella, and E. Coli posses this antigen |
K or envelope antigen
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Found only in the MOTILE enterics: heat Labile and used to serotype Salmonella species
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H or flagella antigen
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Grows on BAP in waves
"swarming" |
Proteus
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Pink colonies on McConkey plate indicate lactose fermenters:
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E.coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
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I
m v c |
indole
methyl red voges-proskauer citrate |
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Removal of an amino group from an amino acid
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deaminase reaction
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removal of a carboxyl group from an amino acid
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decarboxylation reaction
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detects low lactase fermenter
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ONPG
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Determines if an organism possesses the enzyme TRYPTOPHANOSE
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Indole
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determines if an organism is capable of producing and maintaining an ACID environment.
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Methyl Red
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Acids are intermediate metabolites in:
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pyruvate metabolism
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Detects ACETOIN.
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Vogues-Proskauer
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Acetoin is an intermediate metabolite in
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pyruvate metabolism
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Determines if an organism can use citrate as is ONLY source of Carbon
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Citrate
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Provides the initial step in the identification of Enterobacter
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Triple sugar Iron slant
(TSI slant) |
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Ferrous state in TSI slant is used to detect:
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H2S production
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Indicator in TSI is
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phenol red
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Slant portion of TSI is ____ and the deep portion or "butt" is _____
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aerobic, anerobic
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TSI media will turn yellow based on what?
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Carbohydrate utilization
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K/A: alkaline/acid
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Red slant/Yellow Butt
utilized glucose only |
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A/A
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Both slant and butt are acid (yellow)
Fermented 2 to 3 sugars |
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K/K alkaine/alkaline
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Both slant and butt are red (alkaline)
non fermenter |
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Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli. o157:H7 is
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sorbitol NEG
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Pink colonies on MacConkey, Green Sheen on EMB, ONPG pos, IMVC ++--
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E.coli
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Humans are natural reservoirs for
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Shigella
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Enterotoxin invades large bowel causing fever, cramps, watery diarrhea the turns into a bloody mucoid diarrhea. Neurotoxin can cause paralysis and death
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S. Dysentery
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"do nothing" organism
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Shigella
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Clear colonies on MacConkey
Methyl red pos d-mannose pos |
Shigella
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Klebsielleae Tribe
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Klebsiella
Enterobacter Serratia |
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Produce large amounts of gas in TSI deep
Pink mucoid colonies on MacConkey |
Klebsiella
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Two important species of Klebsiella
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K. pneumoniae
K. oxytoca |
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K. Pneumoniae is indole ___
K. oxytoca is indole _____ |
negative, positive
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Accounts for 90% of all Klebseilla isolates. resistant to AMPICILLIN and causes neonatal Meningitis
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k pneumo
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IMVC --++
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K. pneumo
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Causes septicemia, UTI, and wound infections
IMVC +-++ Pink mucoid on Mac |
K oxytoca
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Ornithine decarboxylase is Positive
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Eneterobacter
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Found in soil, water, Dairy products
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Enterobacter
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Arginine dihydrase positive ADH
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e. Cloacae
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Lysine decaboxylase LDC Positice
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E. aerogenes
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opportunistic pathogen commonly seen in nosocomial infections. Can be present on hands of healthcare workers
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Serratia
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Most important species of Serratia. Muti drug Resistant.
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S. Marcescens
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Blood red colonies on Mac
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S. Marcescens
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Ornithine decarboxylase is Positive
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Eneterobacter
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Salmonella species typically isolated from humans and warm-blooded animals
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Salmonella enterica. (always considered pathogen)
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Found in soil, water, Dairy products
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Enterobacter
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classification based on O and H antigens
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Kauffman-White
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Arginine dihydrase positive ADH
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e. Cloacae
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Most common illness in salmonella that occurs from food poisoning
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Gastroenteritis
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Lysine decaboxylase LDC Positice
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E. aerogenes
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opportunistic pathogen commonly seen in nosocomial infections. Can be present on hands of healthcare workers
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Serratia
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Most important species of Serratia. Muti drug Resistant.
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S. Marcescens
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Blood red colonies on Mac
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S. Marcescens
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Salmonella species typically isolated from humans and warm-blooded animals
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Salmonella enterica. (always considered pathogen)
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classification based on O and H antigens
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Kauffman-White
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Most common illness in salmonella that occurs from food poisoning
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Gastroenteritis
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Salmonella serotype typhi causes serious sepsis known as
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Typhoid fever
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Clear green colonies with black centers on Hektoen media
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Salmonella
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Clear green colonies are lactose ___
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Negative
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Proteeae tribe consists of
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Proteus
Providencia Morganella |
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Lactose Neg
Deaminase Pos Methyl Red Pos |
Proteeae
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Swarming motility
UREASE rapidly pos h2s pos |
Proteus
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Proteus that is indole Neg and ODC pos
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p. mirablis
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Proteus that is indole pos and ODC neg
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p. vulgaris
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Usually associate with nocomial infections of the urinary tract and skin
MANNOSE POS |
Providencia
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Resemble salmonella but are ONGP pos and LDC neg
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Cirtobacter
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Associated with GI infections in the tropics and subtropics
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Edwardsiella
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Small, clear pinpoint colonies on Mac and non-motile at 37*
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Yersinia
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Agent in bubonic plague
fleas spread infection |
y. Pestis
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causes entercolitis especially in children and infants. PSEUDO APPENDICITIS if mesenteric lymph nodes become enlarged
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y. Enterocolitica
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Incubation period is no more than 7 days after the bite of an infected flea. 75% death rate
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Bubonic Plague
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Incuation period is -2-3 days. Death rate in untreated is >90%
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Pneumonic plague
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usually occurs with bubonic plage as an acute, fulminant illness
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septicemic plague
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agents of bioterrorism
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E.coli o157
Salmonella Yersinia Pestis |
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Natural inhabitant of Sea water
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Vibrio
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All species of Vibrio require an increased salt concentration for in Vitro growth. (halophilic) EXCEPT
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v. cholera and v mimicus
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facultative anerobe with prefrence for increased CO2. All ferment glucose
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Vibrio
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potent cholera enterotoxin
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choleragen
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"rice water" stools
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Cholera
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Exibits DARTING or Shooting Star motility.
Can be divided into serogroups based on O antigen |
V. cholera
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Epidemics of intestinal cholera are most often caused by
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V. cholerae O1
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extraintestinal infections of V. cholerae are often caused by
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non-O1 V. cholera
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Most commonly isolated Vibrio species
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V. Parahaemolyticus
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Infection usually occurs after ingestion of contaminated shellfish
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V. Parahaemolyticus
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Infection typically occurs after exposure to seawater
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Vibrio alginolyticus
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Infection typicially occurs after ingestion of raw oysters. High mortality rate
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V. vulnificus
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Disease is known to occur mainly in individuals with pre existing liver disease. Likely due to increase availabilty of iron
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V. vulnificus
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Virbrio that is not cultured immediately should be transported in what medium?
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Cary-Blair Transport
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Selective and differential for isolating Vibrio species
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TCBS agar.
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Natural inhabitant of Sea water
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Vibrio
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All species of Vibrio require an increased salt concentration for in Vitro growth. (halophilic) EXCEPT
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v. cholera and v mimicus
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facultative anerobe with prefrence for increased CO2. All ferment glucose
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Vibrio
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potent cholera enterotoxin
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choleragen
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"rice water" stools
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Cholera
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Sucrose fermenters that produce yellow colonies on TCBS
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V cholera and alginolyticus
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Sucrose non fermenters that produce blue green colonies on TCBS
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V. vulnificus and parahaemolyticus
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intestinal infections usualy occur in patients who have history of eating seafood or drinking untreated well water
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Aeromonas
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Aeromonas that is lactose positive, cause it to resemble e.coli or enterobacter
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A. Caviae
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Aeromonas is oxidase ___
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positive
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Enterics are oxidase ____
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negative
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Produces bulls eye colonies on CIN agar. May be isolated from fecal specimen with blood agar containing ampicllin
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Aeromonas
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Only species in plesiomonas genus
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shigelloides
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selective agar fro P. shigelloides because colonies appear white to pink
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Inositol brilliant green bile salts. IBB
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A nonfermenter should be expected if GNR is
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oxidase pos
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all members of ___ are oxidase Neg
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Enterobacter
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TSI is not suitable to study the carbohydrate use of ______
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nonfermenters
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___ medium is used to study carbohydrate use by nonfermenters
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OF
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All member of ___ will ferment glucose anaerobically and aerobically
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Enterobacter
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Contains high concentration of carbs and low concentration of peptones
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OF medium
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Indicator of the OF medium
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Bromothymol blue.
Pos is yellow neg is blue green |
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Organisms can only use the carbs when oxygen is present
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oxidative
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can metabolize glucose in the presence or absence of oxygen
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Fermentative
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Cannot utilize carbs/sugars as an energy source
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Asaccharyolytic
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The most frequently isolated non fermenter
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Strict aerobe and "water lover" Causitive agent of swimmers ear
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P. Aeruginosa
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Strict aerobe, GRAPE LIKE SMELL, Metallic sheen, 35 and 42*c
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P. Aeruginosa
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Often isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis
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P. aeruginosa
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P. aeruginosa is the only organism that produces what kind of pigment
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Pyocyanin
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Oxidase neg, DNase POS
AMMONIA odor LAVENDER-GREEN pigment on bap |
S. Maltophilia
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Causes Cepacia syndrome in patients with CF
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Burkholderia
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EARTHY odor,Lysine decarboxylase pos,
Non-fluorescent yellow pigment |
Burholderia cepacia
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GNR resist decolorization
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Acinetobacter
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Beta-hemolytic/non-hemolytic
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Acinetobacter
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Plump GN coccobacilli
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Moraxella
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May pit agar surface on BAP and is asaccharolytic
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Moraxella
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Pleomorphic GNR with faint staining
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Legionella
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Serogroup of legionella responible for >90% of human infections
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Pneumonophilia
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Aerobic organism that grow best under 5% CO2
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Legionella
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Media is a cysteine-enriched media that should be used when legionella is suspected
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Buffered charcoal yeast extract. BCYE
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Will not grow on ordinary micromedia. Hippurate pos
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L. Pneumo
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GN diplococci. Kidney bean/coffee bean shaped
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Neisseria
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Almost all Neisseria species are ___ pos.
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catalase
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All Neisseria species are ___ and ___ pos
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Oxidase and DNase
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Hair like structures that extend from the cytoplasmic membrane through the outer membrane
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Pili
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Gonococcus/GC
May cause conjunctivitis in adults and newborns |
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
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Skin lesions, septicemia, endocarditis, gonococcal arthritis
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DGI.
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Gonococcal ___ are associated with virulence and affect antibody formation, leukocyte response, and phagocytic killing
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outer membrane proteins
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Recommended medium for GC cultures
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MTM.
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GC is positive for glucose and negative for maltose, lactose and sucrose on what agar?
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CTA
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Inhibits GPC
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vancomycin
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inhibits GNR
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coliston
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Inhibits yeast
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Nystatin
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Inhibits swarming proteus
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trimethoprim
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Most common direct method of identification for N. gonorrhoea
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Nucleic acid probe
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All GC should be test for
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beta-lactamse
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chemically bonded ring in the penicillin molecule
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beta-lactamase
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can be carried in the nasopharynx in asymptomatic individulas
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Menigitidis
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Organism in encapsulated Resists phagocytosis
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N. Meningitidis
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causes death in <24 hours due to ENDOTOXIN release. (TNF)
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Acute Meningococcemia
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Unlike N. Gonorrhoea,____ will grow on BAP
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N. Meningitidis
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Only Neisseria that is lactose pos
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N. Lactimica
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Respiratory pathogen formally called Branhamella Catarrhalis
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Moraxella Cat.
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Commonly produces beta-lactamase, is DNase pos and reduces nitrates
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M Catarrhalis
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"blood lover" Reduces nitrates and facultative anerobe
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Haemophilus
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Requires Choc agar because it contain Hemin. (xfactor)
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Haemophilus
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BAP is NOT adequate to isolate _____ because sheep RBC release DNase
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Heamophilus
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Synthesizes NAD (v-factor)
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s. aureus
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aka pfeiffers bacillus. 6 serotypes/8biotypes
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h. influenza
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Encapsulated strains are pathogenic, especially in children <3yrs
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h. Influenza
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all h. influenza isolates should be tested for
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beta-lactamase
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Cause of pink eye
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H. aegypticus
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VD characterized by chancroid
"school of fish" |
h. Ducreyi
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