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44 Cards in this Set
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Giardia lamblia - protozoa |
Intestinal parasite, comes from contaminated water, ingestion of cysts. Trophozoite (killed by stomach acid) and cyst. Causes giardiasis |
Suction cups to intestinal walls |
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Trichomonas vaginalis - protozoa |
Trophozoite stage only. Vaginal infections. Considered STD. "Trichomoniasis" causes pH of 5-8. Men usually just carrier. |
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Plasmodium (malaria) - protozoa |
Apicomplexa. P. falciparum- Definitive host is Anopheles mosquito. Intermediate host is humans or other animals. Sporozoites are injected into humans by mosquito bite, goes to liver cells, reproduces by schizogony (lots n lots of little cells), ruptures liver cells, goes to blood as trophozoite. Some will mature to gametocytes, a mosquito will suck up again and have gametes that join and it all starts over. |
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Toxoplasma gondii- protozoa |
Causes toxoplasmosis. Transmitted through cat feces. Ingest meat that contains tissue cysts. Ingestion of oocyst from contact with cat feces. Life cycle: Definitive host is cat, intermediate is humans or some other animals. |
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Cryptosporidium - protozoa |
Causes gi upset and diarrhea. Spread by treated recreational water, humans ingest locusts containing sporozoites, or fecal, hand to mouth, possibly inhalation. Oocyst-sporozoite-trophozoite (asexually) some for sexual gametes- thick walled oocyst out in feces, thin walled oocyst stays in body and can go through life cycle again. Does not need a second host, can reproduce asexually and sexually in one host. |
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Coccidiodes immitis - fungi |
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Aspergillus - fungi |
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Pneumocystis jirovecii - fungi |
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Cryptococcus gatti - fungi |
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Candidate albicans- fungi |
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Dermatophytes (Trycophyton, Microsporum) - fungi |
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Tinea barbae |
Fungal Infection of the face and neck (beard area) |
Barbae- barber shop |
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Tinea capitis |
Fungal infection of the scalp (ringworm) |
Capitis - cap think head |
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Tinea corporis |
Fungal infection of the body (ringworm) |
Corporis - Corpse, think body |
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Tinea unguium |
Fungal infection of the nails |
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Tinea pedis |
Fungal infection tin of the foot (athlete's foot) |
Pedis- think pedicure, feet |
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Tinea cruris |
Fungal infection of the genitals (jock itch) |
Cruris- think crotch |
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Archaea |
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Bacteria |
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Algae |
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Protozoa |
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Fungi |
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Gram positive |
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Gram negative |
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Lipid A |
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Hypertonic |
Higher solute concentration- causes cell inside to shrink away from cell wall (plasmolysis) |
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Hypotonic |
Lower solute concentration outside- water moves into cell and can cause it to burst (lyse) |
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Endospore |
Bacillus and Clostridium- Alliws a cell to go into protection mode can last a very long time |
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Taxes |
Chemotaxes, phototaxes, magnetotaxes, pos and neg taxes. Bacterial movement |
Taxes, think taxi, moving or going somewhere |
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H antigen |
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Bacterial growth phases |
Lag phase, log phase (exponential growth), stationary, death |
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Trophozoite |
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Cyst |
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Intermediate host |
Where asexual reproduction happens |
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Definitive host |
Where sexual reproduction happens |
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Dimorphic (fungi) |
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Archaezoa |
Ancient- no mitichondria- multiple flagella - Giardia lamblia and Trichimonas vaginalis |
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Protozoa |
UNICELLULAR. Protista. Motile by cilia or flagella. Vegetative = trophozoite (eating, swimming) Asexual = huffing, fission or schizogony. Sexual = conjugation. Some produce cysts |
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Apicomplexa |
Phylum Apicomplexa. Has an organelle at tip of cell that penetrates tissues. *Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium* |
They have complex life cycles |
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Fungal Characteristics |
Cell membrane- sterols, cell wall- chitin, include unicellular yeasts, molds, mushrooms. Some fungi ar dimorphic (2 shapes) depending on temp. Yeast @ 37c mold @ 25c |
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Aspergillus - fungi |
Common in plants and soil. Invasive aspergillosis can start in lungs and spread to other body tissues. Inhalling a lot of spores or in an immunocompromised state. |
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Cyst |
Usually a bacteria or protist. The resting or dormant stage that helps the organism survive unfavorable conditions/environment.not reproductive |
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Endospore |
Cell divides and one side engulfs the other. Keeps cell/bacteria in a dormant state for an extended period of time for survival. Is triggered by lack of nutrients, oxygen, etc. Can survive extreme environments. |
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Trphozoite |
Vegetative part of cell life. Feeds on nutrients and is motile. Eats and swims |
Trope- nutrients Zoo- animals |