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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Parasitic infections show what WBC increase?
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eosinophil
|
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What substance separates stool artifacts from parasites?
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zinc sulfate
|
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Describe the smear for diagnosing a protozoan parasite:
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Thick and thin smears
Add water to lyse cells and release parasites |
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How is % parasitemia determined?
What is the average for an infection? |
# infected RBCs : 100 healthy RBCs
average = 3% |
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Name the 4 stages of a protozoan parasite:
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1. Trophozoite: adult amoeba feeds
2. Schizogony: asexual reproduction 3. Merozoites: females 4. Gametocytes |
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Name the 3 amoeboid protozoan parasite species:
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Entameobas
Naeglaria Acanthamoeba |
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Name the 2 flagellate protozoan parasite species:
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Giardia
Trichomonas |
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Name the 4 sporozoa parasitic protozoa species:
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Coccidia
Toxoplasma Cryptosporidia Cyclospora |
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Which parasitic infection is similar to Shigelle and how do you tell the difference?
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Entoameoba Histolytica
Shigelle will have increased neutrophils & fever |
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which amoeboid parasite is caused from undercooked meat?
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entamoeba coli
|
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Which two amoeboid parasites affect the CNS?
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Neglaria fowleri
Acanthameoba |
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Which entameoba species is not pathogenic?
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entameoba hartmanii
|
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Which parasite is common in the US and spread through baby pools?
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giardia lamblia
|
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Which parasite is an STD
How should this specimen be handled? |
Trichomonas vaginalis
Stay moist |
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Which parasite can cause birth defects if inhaled in first trimester?
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toxoplasma
|
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Which parasite is common in the HIV community?
How is specimen stained? What special resistance does this species have? |
cryptosporidia
acid-fast stain resistant to disinfectants |
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What is spread through contaminated raspberries and lettuce?
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cyclospora
|
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Differentiate between the 2 trypanosome species:
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T. Cruzi: South America; kissing bug; U-shaped
T. Rhodiensas/gambiensas: Africa; tsetse fly; S shaped |
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Which parasite causes "desert storm syndrome" explain.
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Leishmania
via sand flies and affects skin "cutaneous leishmanosis" |
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How is Babesia spread and what does it infect?
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ticks
RBCs |
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Which species causes Malaria?
What spreads it? What Abx to treat? |
Plamsodium
Anopheles mosquito Quinine based abx |
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Which parasite is from undercooked contaminated pork?
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trichinella
|
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Which parasite is from undercooked contaminated chicken?
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Listeria
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Nematodes are what type worms?
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roundworms
|
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Cestodes are what worms?
What 2 apparatus do they contain? |
tapeworms
scolex: hooks progliottus: segments that can regrow |
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Trematodes are what worms?
What is their defining characteristic? |
flatworms/flukes
hermaphrodites |
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Which nematode is called "pinworm" and affects children in daycares?
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enterobius vermicularis
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Which nematode is also called "the fiery serpent" and uses a stick to twist out?
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dracunulus
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Which nematode causes "cochin-china diarrhea"?
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stronyloides
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Name the 3 microfilaria:
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Onchocerca
Wucheria Loa-Loa |
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Which nematode species causes "river blindness" with parasites in the eye?
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onchocerca volculus
|
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Which nematode attacks the lymph nodes and causes elephantitis?
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wucheria bancrofti
|
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Name the 3 cestode species:
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hymenolepsis nana
diphyllbothrium latum taena |
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Which cestode is called the "pork tapeworm"?
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taena solum
|
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Which cestode is called the "beef tapeworm"?
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taena sagimate
|
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Name the 4 trematode species?
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Schistosoma mansoni
Paragonimus Faciola hepatica Clonorchis |
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Which 2 trematodes have snail hosts?
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Faciola hepatica
Clonorchis |
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Which helminth is found in urine?
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schistosoma mansoni
|
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What flukes are these specified by:
Paragonimus Faciola hepatica Clonorchis sinensis |
Paragonimus: LUNG fluke
Faciola: LIVER fluke Clonorchis; chinese LIVER fluke |
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A virus is an:
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obligate intracellular parasite
|
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What protection membrane does a virus have:
What is another structure they may have as protection? |
capsid: protein coat
Envelope |
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What 3 shapes of a virus:
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helical
icosahedral complex |
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Define tropism:
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virus will only attach to specific cells (i.e. respiratory cells, etc)
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Which swabs are unaceptable for virus detection?
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Calcium alginate swabs
|
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Storage for a viral specimen?
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fridge 4 days;
-70 longer |
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What are the 2 reproductive cycles of a virus? Which one is a productive infection?
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Lytic Cycle - PRODUCTIVE
Lysogeny (needs virus to activate) |
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Name the 5 stages of the Lytic Cycle?
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1. Adsorption (attach)
2. Penetration (inserts nucleic acid) 3. Biosynthesis 4. Maturation 5. Burst (#virus’ produced = burst size) |
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What is required for a virus to penetrate a cell?
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enzyme: lysozyme (breaks wall)
|
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Name the 3 steps for lysogeny?
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1. Adsorption
2. Penetration 3. Transduction (Integrates into bacterial chromosome) |
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State the 3 Viral detection methods:
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Direct
Serological Indirect/Isolation |
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State 4 examples of direct virus detection:
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Immunostaining
PCR Electron scope Light scope |
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State the 3 types of viral isolation/indirect detection techniques:
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cell culture
eggs animal inoculation |
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In a cell culture isolation technique, what are the 3 types of cells used:
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primary: animal tissue
diploid: divides 50 times continuous: unlimited division (HELA cells) |
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Name 3 cold virus strains:
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Rhinovirus
Adenovirus Coronavirus |