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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
in order to cause disease, microbe or toxin must _____
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attach
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GI system is “loaded” with normal flora
antibiotic therapy that affects normal flora can allow pathogen growth. Broad spectrum antibiotics and __________ can result in antiobiotic-associated colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) |
Clostridium difficile
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Gram + rods:
Actinomyces Propionibacteirum Leptotrichia and Gram – rods: Bacteriodes Fusobacterium exist primarily in |
Gingival crevice
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This gram + cocci is found in large percentages in the tongue, dental plaque, gingival crevice, & saliva
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Streptococcus
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most oral cavity dz is ______--due to dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal, etc
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odontogenic
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gradual disintegration of the tooth enamel and dentin
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dental caries
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Microbial shift in odontogenic infections is from nonpathagenic ___________
to pathogenic ____________ |
facultative G+ cocci & rods (strep mutans, lactobaccillus)
to anerobic G- rod and spirochetes |
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diet that can induce dental caries
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fermentable carbohydrates (e.g., sucrose)
acidic conditions |
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________ are the predominant early colonizers producing plaque
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Streptococci (especially of the mutans group)
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once bacteria colonize tooth, other bacteria can bind and secrete other factors to allow for ________
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biofilm formation
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Dental plaque is comprised of sugars (proteins) that allow bacteria to:
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1.communicate with each other
2. evade host defense 3. evade antibiotic activity |
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__________ are good at binding to fissures and the gingival crevice.
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Streptococcus mutans
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all diseases involving the supportive structures of the teeth (periodontium)
including the gingiva and bone |
periodontal disease
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calcification of the plaque area
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tartar formation (calculus)
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play a more important role in periodontitis
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Gram negative anaerobic bacteria
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few bacteria, mostly Gram positive (Streptococci and Actinomyces)
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Normal gingiva
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increased numbers of bacteria
especially Actinomyces viscosus and other filamentous bacteria. appearance of Gram negative anaerobes |
Gingivitis:
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predominately anaerobic Gram neg. bacteria and motile spirochetes
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Periodontitis:
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white, raised patches of yeast found on the tongue, palate, and other mucous membranes (pseudomembrane)
removal of the pseudomembrane often reveals a red, bleeding surface |
thrush-Candida albicans
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Herpes simplex virus (HSV)member of the _________ family
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Herpesviridae
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Herpes simplex virus (HSV)dsDNA virus with the ability to become _____
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latent
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latency
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= no new viruses being produced
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oral infections usually _____
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HSV-1
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genital infections usually ____
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HSV-2
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fever blisters, cold sores, gingivostomatitis
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Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
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HSV lytic infection of epithelial and mucosal cells
results in ______ of infected cells |
necrosis
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virus infects ______ and become latent
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sensory nerves (trigeminal ganglia)
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sunlight, fatigue, fever, menstruation, emotional stress
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stimulates recurrent infections
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Seen in young adults (18-30 year olds)especially those in the military, sometimes college students
Predisposing factors: emotional stress (wartime) fatigue malnutrition, alcohol and/or tobacco use neglected oral hygiene local trauma AIDS patients Clinical manifestation: painful, ulcers, bleeding gingiva necrosis, halitosis increased number of Gram negative fusiform bacteria and spirochetes |
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)
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inflammation of the mucous membranes
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Stomatitis
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some supportive evidence for stomatitis due to ________ to S. sanguis and oral cavity protein
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cross-reactive antibodies
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most common oral mucosa lesion
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Ulcers
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inflammation of the salivary glands
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Acute suppurative parotitis
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primary cause of Acute suppurative parotitis
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Staphylococcus aureus
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