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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hx: fever, headache, neck stiffness, and altered mental status; Kernig's/Brudzinski's sign other focal neurologic findings, rash, headache, seizures + myalgia; CSF: WBC > 2000 or PMNs > 1200; glucose < 34, protein > 220
CSF gram stain of the most likely pathogen of ABM in a 6 mos-6yr old (or adults > 50 years) should reveal CSF gram stain of the most likely pathogen of ABM in an older child or young adult should reveal |
Acute bacterial (pyogenic) meningitis (ABM).
Gram-positive diplococcus Gram-negative diplococcus |
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Most common cause of sepsis/meningitis in newborns/neonates?
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Streptococcus agalactiae
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Cause of fever, headache, photophobia, nausea/vomiting,
rash, diarrhea, meningeal signs, in older children in the summer months; CSF with 10-<1,000 WBC typical, mostly monos, moderately elevated protein? |
Enteroviruses (aseptic meningitis)
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Cause of aseptic meningitis in men with exposure to rodents?
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Leptospira interrogans
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Cause of aseptic meningitis with hx of tick bite and erythema migrans?
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Cause of aseptic meningitis with hx of sex with multiple partners; CSF PCR(+)?
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HSV-2 > 1
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Cause of fever, headache, photophobia, meningismus, in pts
w/ solid organ transplant, malignancy, corticosteroid use. CSF glucose < 2/3 serum glucose, elevated protein, WBC > 5 with PMNs? |
Listeria monocyotgenes
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How does Listeria monocytogenes differ from other #- hemolytic bacteria?
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Gram-positive rods; tumbling
motility |
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Cause of chronic meningoencephalitis in a pt, who uses infliximab or native from endemic region; PE: papilledema. CXR (+). Lab: elevated monocytes on differential, low CSF glucose?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Test to confirm subacute mengoencephalitis in a,
immunocompromised pt (CD4 <100); vesicular skin lesions [CSF profile: protein 30-150mg/dl, monos 10-100]? |
CSF India ink
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Cause of meningoencephalitis after a hx of respiratory illness after travel to SW USA?
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Coccidioides immitis
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Test to confirm CNS pathology with fever, cognitive
deficits, focal neurologic signs, seizures; temporal lobe involvement on MRI. Lab: no papilledema, CT (no brain lesion)? |
CSF PCR (+)
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Cause of fever, cognitive deficits, focal neurologic signs,
seizures, abnormal mental status with ataxia, hemi-paresis, in a pt w/ AIDS? |
JC virus > HHV-6
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Cause of fever, cognitive deficits, focal neurologic signs, seizures or abnormal mental status with ataxia in an adult during outdoor activity?
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West-Nile virus > SLE
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Cause of fever, cognitive deficits, focal neurologic signs,
seizures, in a pt w/ AIDS (CD4 < 100). Brain CT or MRI: multifocal (ring-enhancing) lesions, affecting basal ganglia; Pt receives pyrimethamine + leucovorin + sulfadiazine for life |
Toxoplasma gondii (TE)
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Cause of confusion, stiff neck, irritability over wks to months, in immunocompromised pts; CT or MRI = multifocal lesions in midbrain, brain stem, & cerebellum; wet mount CSF = motile macrophage-like organisms.
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Acanthamoeba spp. (GAE)
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Cause of severe headache and other meningeal signs, fever,
vomiting, and focal neurologic deficits, frequently progressing to coma, in a healthy boy (summer diving activity)? |
Naegleria fowleri (PAM)
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Cause of seizures, chronic headache, symptomatic hydrocephalus, in immigrants from Mexico, Central or S. America); pt. successfully responds to praziquantel + anti-convulsant drug?
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Taenia solium
(neurocysticercosis) |
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Hx of fever, lymphadenopathy, chancre, and pruritus weeks
ago, in a pt from Africa, progressing to headaches, somnolence, abnormal behavior; pt. responds slowly to pentamidine isothionate or suramin. TOW? |
Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping
sickness) |
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Hx of rigidity, muscle spasm, and autonomic dysfunction.
Trismus or lock jaw due to masseter spasm in an infant w/ umbilical stump infection (secondary to poor birth delivery hygiene). Clostridial toxin interferes w/ |
GABA and glycine
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Hx of foodborne (chili) afebrile illness w/ diplopia,
dysarthria, dysphoria, dysphagia, alert, and descending flaccid paralysis in a pt w/ IDU skin poppers with black tar heroin. Clostridial toxin blocks the release of |
acetylcholine
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Immediate treatment of a male infant w/ constipation, a weak cry, and drooling, hypotonea and cranial neuropathy, after ingestion of home-processed honey.
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Equine immune globulin (infant botulism)
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