Micro Midterm

Front 1

Sterilization

Back 1

Destruction or viable organisms, including endospores, most toxic method

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Disinfection

Back 2

Killing, inhibition or removal of pathogenic organisms inanimate objects, 2nd most toxic method

Front 3

Antisepsis

Back 3

prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms, can't kill everything because it is on a living organism

Front 4

sanitization

Back 4

reduce to level deemed to be safe, 3rd most toxic

Front 5

antimicrobial

Back 5

kill "tidal" or inhibit "static cell growth

Front 6

chemotherapy

Back 6

chemicals to kill or inhibit growth of microorganism within host tissue

Front 7

mechanical removal method

Back 7

filtration

Front 8

physical removal method

Back 8

heating. boiling doesn't kill endospores, time is important. Autoclave is a giant pressure cooker 121, for 15 mins. refrigeration at -80 halts growth but doesn't kill

Front 9

Phenolics

Back 9

denature membrane, tuberculocidal, corrosive, skin irritation

Front 10

alcohol

Back 10

denatures protein, dissolve membrane lipid, non-sporical, not effective on some viruses

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Halogen

Back 11

Any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine; oxidizing cell constituents

Front 12

Cationic

Back 12

ex. quat, chlorhexidne, binding to bacteria,m

Front 13

Aldehyde

Back 13

sporicidal

Front 14

Gas that can sterilize

Back 14

ethylene oxide, sporadical

Front 15

liquids that can sterilize

Back 15

Glutaraldehyde, stabilized hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde + alcohol, formaldehyde, aqueous

Front 16

Which can sterilize (greater then or equal to 12 log reduction of vegetative bacterial cells)

Back 16

autoclave, filtration, dry oven, ethylene oxide, gamma radiation, glutaradehyde

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Phenol coefficient

Back 17

[phenol] required to kill the microbe in 10 min divided by [test compound] phenol is 1, higher # is more effective

Front 18

Mode of action: inhibits cell wall synthesis

Back 18

penicillin inhibit transpeptidation enzymes in crosslinking PTG chains

Front 19

Mode of action: inhibit protein synthesis

Back 19

aminoglycosides binds to 30s ribosomal subunit

Front 20

Mode of action: damage membrane integrity

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polymyxin B

Front 21

Mode of action: inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

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quinolone inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase II

Front 22

Mode of action: metabolic antagonist

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sulfonamide inhibits folic acid synthesis

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catabolism

Back 23

energy conserving reactions, generate precursors for biosynthesis

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anabolism

Back 24

synthesis of complex organic molecules from simpler ones. requires energy and reducing power. e- carrier(often NADH reduced NAD+ oxidized)

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heterotrophy energy source, e- source, c source

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organic chemicals

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lithotrophy energy source, e- source, c source

Back 26

inorganic chemicals

Front 27

photography energy source, e- source, c source

Back 27

light, varies, varies

Front 28

Embden-Meyerhof Pathway

Back 28

Glycolysis, glucose to pyruvate. NAD+ accepts electrons

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Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Back 29

like EMP but has HADP+ as electron acceptor, used by some soil bacteria but not eukaryotes. get 1 net ATP

Front 30

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Back 30

-oxidize glucose, generate metabolic precursor, helps produce NADPH, both catabolism and metabolism used

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TCA cycle

Back 31

2 co2 released, 3 NADH for ETC, 1 FADH2 for ETC, 1 GTP to do work