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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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smallest chemical units of matter |
atoms |
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anything that takes up space and has mass |
matter |
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negatively charges subatomic particles circling a nucleus |
electrons |
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structure containing neutrons and protons |
nucleus |
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uncharged particles |
neutrons |
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positively charged particles |
protons |
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composed of a single type of atom |
element |
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equal to the number of protons in the nucleus |
atomic number |
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sum of masses of protons neutrons and electrons |
atomic mass (atomic weight) |
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how do you find the atomic mass |
add number of p and n |
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atoms of a given element that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei |
isotopes |
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unstable isotopes releasing energy |
radioactive decay |
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atoms undergoing radioactive decay |
radioactive isotopes |
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what determines an atom's chemical behavior |
electrons |
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what determines an atoms identity |
the nuclei of the atom |
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when is a valence shell stable |
when it has its max # of e not when it has spaces to fill or has extra |
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two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
molecule |
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molecule composed of more than one element |
compound |
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sharing of e by two atoms |
covalent bond |
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occur when two atoms with vastly different electronegativities come together resulting in the removal or loss of an e |
ionic bonds |
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ionic bonding results in |
positive or negative charges (cation/anion) |
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cations and anions attract each other and form |
ionic bonds |
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bond formed by charge not shared e |
ionic bond |
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all chemical reactions involve |
reactants and products |
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involve the foration of larger more complex molecules |
synthesis reactions |
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require energy |
endothermic |
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synthesis reactions are |
endothermic |
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common synthesis reaction |
dehydration synthesis |
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synthesis reactions are called |
anabolism |
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break bonds with larger molecules to form smaller atoms ions and molecules |
decomposition reactions |
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release energy |
exothermic |
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decomposition reactions are |
exothermic |
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common type of decomposition reaction |
hydrolysis |
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decomposition reactions are called |
catobolism |
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involve breaking and forming covalent bonds |
exchange reactions |
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has both endothermic and exothermic steps |
exchange reactions |
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atoms are moved from one molecule to another |
exchange reactions |
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sum of all chemical reactions in an organism |
metabolism |
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dissociates into one or more H+ and one or more anions |
acid |
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binds with H+ when dissolved into water |
base |
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some dissociate into cations and OH- |
base |
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concentration of H+ in solution expressed using |
the pH scale |
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prevent drastic changes in pH |
buffers |
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compounds that dissociate into water into cations and anions other than H+ and OH- |
salts |
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cations and anions of salts |
electrolytes
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subunit structures of the carb protein and nucleic acid macromolecules |
monomers |
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chains of monomers |
polymer |
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composed almost entirely by carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by by non-polar covalent bonds. |
lipids |
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monomers that make up polymers of proteins |
amino acids |
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covalent bond formed between amino acids |
peptide bond |
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acts as an enzyme binds amino acids and helps form polypeptides |
RNA |
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monomers that make up nucleic acids |
nucleotides |
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nucleotides are made up of |
phosphates pentose sugar and nitrogenous bases |
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nucleosides have no |
phosphate |
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phosphate in nucleotides and other molecules |
atp |
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highly reactive functional group and can form covalent bonds with other phosphate groups |
atp |
