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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
why is epidemiology important?
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ID cause of disease, risk factors, treatment, prevention
describe clinical pattern of disease |
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sensitivity
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how often a test gives us pos result for infected ppl
TP/(TP+FN) |
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when do you get a lot of false negatives?
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with a low sensitivity test; (high specificity test?)
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specificity
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how often a test gives a neg result for uninfected ppl
TN/(TN+FP) |
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a test with low specificity would result in a lot of ___?
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false positives
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what is the incubation period?
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time b/w exposure and onset of sx
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how can pt history and incubation period help narrow down the cause of disease?
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knowing the incubation period can help eliminate toxin (ex: food poisoning) if the onset wasnt for a week after exposure
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what is the prodromal period?
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early in infection; not feeling well
ex: malaise, anorexia, sore throat (not really disease yet) |
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what is the difference b/w signs and symptoms?
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signs are measurable (fever, urticaria, swollen lymph nodes etc; something the physician can observe)
symptoms: subjective (malaise, soreness, headache, nausea) |
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what is a syndrome?
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a group of s/s associated with disease state
ex: pharyngitis (syndrome-can be caused by many organisms) vs. measles (disease) |
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transmission routes (8)
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1.person to person
2.airborne 3.waterborne 4.food 5.vector parenteral(prick-mosquito or 6.needle) 7.fomites (inanimate obj) 8.zoonoses |
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what types of tranmission can occur via respiratory droplets?
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person to person
airborne |
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what type of transmission can occur vis insects?
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vector-borne
parenteral |
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what's another name for the primary case?
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index case
indiv(s) who bring disease to population |
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cahracteristics of a point-source outbreak
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all exposed at once
sudden occurence of cases short incubation time all cases within one incubation period outbreak stops (unless secondary spread) day/case curve has steep slope ex: contaminated food, water |
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characteristics of propagated outbreaks
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person-to-person; often respiratory transmission (ex: chicken pox)
2ndary cases appear one incubation period after peak of first wave successive waves get taller (more ppl infected) |
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define primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies; which is the best?
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primary: BEST PREVENTION STRATEGY; prevent occurrence of disease (ex:vaccines)
secondary: cure, block spread, slow progress tertiary: limit disability, provide rehab (ex: botulism antitoxin) |
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what are some examples of tools for disease intervention? (6)
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1. public education (1 or 2)
2. vaccines (active immunization; 1 or 2) 3. IG (passive immunization; 2) 4. prophylactic antibodies (for asx ppl who were exposed) 5. vector control (1) 6. quarantine (2) |
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what are some examples of diseases that need to be immediately reported?
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outbreaks, exotic illnesses
ex: anthrax, botulism, pertussis, polio, bacterial meningitis |
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diseases reported within a day?
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brucellosis
HAV TB |
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diseases reported weekly?
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AIDS
chickenpox hantavirus mumps |