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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Black and white piedra
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Fungal infections of the hair
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Tinea nigra
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Fungal infection (ring worm) of the keratinized layer of skin caused by Cladosporium (Exophiala) werneckii
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Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
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Chronic fungal infections characterized by nodular and ulcerative lesions that develop along the lymph glands that drain the primary site of inoculation
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Chromoblastomycosis
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Development of warty nodules at sites of fungal infection. Very slow growing (2mm/year). Caused by a variety of plant- and soil-dwelling fungi. Tropical. Demitaceous, meaning that it produces melanin-like pigment, hence "chromo".
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Tinea capitus
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Ring worm of the head. Problem among children
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Tinea pedis
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Athlete's foot. More common in men than women
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Tinea cruris
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Jock itch. Ring worm in the groin area. More common in men than women
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Mycetoma
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Caused by soil fungi and difficult to treat, frequently requiring surgery. Abscesses characterized by discharges containing pus. Following implantation of the etiologic agent, the primary lesion becomes locally invasive, indolent, tumor-like. It may also present with small, painless subcutaneous swellings. The lesions rupture, resulting in channels in tissue, swelling and distortion of the infected body part.
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Candidiasis
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Family of diseases of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Candida fungi.
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Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC)
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Occurs secondary to radiation tx in cancer patients, and in HIV patients without sufficient antiretroviral therapy. Mucositis affects approximately 40% of patients receiving chemotherapy, and some of these pts will develop oropharyngeal candidiasis secondary to mucositis. OPC has very low mortality
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Vaginitis
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Candidiasis of the vaginal mucosa
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Diaper dermatitis
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Most common infection caused by Candida albicans.
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Pseudomembranous candidiasis
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Characterized by Hypha-BEC cross-links
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Histoplasmosis
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Systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum with several manifestations, including disseminated skin lesions, flu-like symptoms, acute pulmonary or acute pneumonitis, etc.
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Ulcerated granuloma
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Can be caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Coccidioidomycosis
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Valley fever. Pneumonia-like symptoms. Caused by Coccidiodes immitis. Disseminated coccidiodomycosis can cause:
Chronic skin disease (ulcers or abscesses) Joints / Bones (Severe synovitis and effusion that may affect knees, wrists, feet, ankles, and/or pelvis) Lytic lesions commonly affecting the axial skeleton **Meningeal Disease (The most feared complication--hydrocephalus is a frequent complication) Others: May affect virtually any organ, including thyroid, GI tract, adrenal glands, genitourinary tract, pericardium, peritoneum |
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Cryptococcosis
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Chronic meningitis is the most common disease. Headache, dizziness and irritability are the most common symptoms. The course of the infection is usually subacute or chronic. Cryptococcosis may also involve the skin, lungs, prostate gland, urinary tract, eyes, myocardium, bones, and joints. Spread to brain and meninges is hematogenous or through lymphatic system. Presenting symptoms usually caused by meningitis and encephalitis. Headache is the most common presenting symptom.
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Aspergillosis
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Opporunistic infection taking several forms:
allergic bronchopulmonary pulmonary invasive |
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PCP
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Pneumocystis pneumonia. INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS with plasma cell infiltrate (chronic). Dstinct foamy appearance of alveoli. Early symptoms of PCP include fever and a persistent cough generally devoid of sputum. As the infection progresses, patients become progressively short of breath and ultimately have difficulty breathing even while at rest.
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Candidal esophagitis
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Can present with OPC. Characterized by dysphagia (a perception of difficulty with swallowing), odynophagia (pain during swallowing), substernal chest pain that is not clearly related to swallowing, and/or a feeling of obstruction in the chest. Between 3 and 10% of HIV-infected patients will first come to medical attention as the result of their first episode of candidal esophagitis. The incidence of overall rate of esophagitis among patients infected with HIV has been reported to be as high as 15 to 20%. Even with HAART, patients with advanced AIDS often suffer tremendously with candidal esophagitis.
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Systemic candidiasis
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Concern for HIV pts, and even among these it is very rare for candida to go systemic. IV drug users are an at-risk group.
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Tinea versicolor
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Fungal infection (ring worm) of the keratinized layer of skin caused by Malassezia furfur
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Invasive candidiasis
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Candida in the blood with or without deep organ candidiasis
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Tuberculosis
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Ghon lesion
Ranke complex Healed primary infection |
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Scrofula
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Lymphatic TB (a type of extrapulmonary TB)
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Pott's disease
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Skeletal TB (a type of extrapulmonary TB)
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Extrapulmonary TB
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Lymphatic (Scrofula)
Skeletal (Pott's) Genitourinary CNS |